(一)词类相互间的关系。
1.形容词、数词通常修饰名词(有时名词也可以修饰另外一个名词),形容词还可修饰代词。例如:
1)The three tall and strong men are all basket-
(定语) (主) (谓) (定语)
ball players.(主系表结构)
(表语)
数词three和形容词tall , strong修饰名词men; 名词basketball修饰名词players.
2)The writer often writes something interesting
(主) (壮) (谓) (宾) (定)
about children. (主胃宾结构)
(定)
形容词interesting修饰不定代词something
2.副词常修饰动词、形容词和其他副词。例如:
(副词well修饰plays,副词quite修饰另一副词well.)
(副词very修饰形容词interesting)
以上的名词、代词、数词、形容词、动词、副词称为实词,可以在句中单独做一定的成分。
3.冠词、介词、连词称为虚词,在句中不能单独构成句子成分。冠词只能用于名词前;介词与它后面的名词或代词构成介词短语,才能作一定的成分(定语、状语和表语)。例如:
(介词短语of Class Two作定语,修饰the League members. 介词短语in the school yard作地点状语,修饰are having)
连词只起连接词、词组和句子的作用。
He is so young that he cant go to school.
(that连接两句子)
(二)词类和句子成分的关系:
1.主语:是句子要说明的人和物,是句子的主体,一般放在句首。名词、代词常在句中作主语。此外,动名词、动词不定式、主语从句也可作主语。例如:
1)Mr. Chen is a greadt scientist. (名词作主语)
2)He reads newspapers every day. (代词作主)
3)Smoking is harmful to the health. (动名词作主语)
4)To swim in Kuming Lake is a great pleasure. (动词不定式作主语)
5)What we shall do next is not yet decided. (主语从句作主语)
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