什么是助动词?
在了解助动词之前,首先,让我们来看一段汉语对话。
A:小明在做什么呢?
B:他正在吃饭呢。
A:你吃了吗?
B:我已经吃了。
在这段对话中,在呢,吗?,已经了。都能向人传达一种信息,表示动作的状态,是正在进行着呢,还是已经完成了。它们本身没有意义,而英语也是这个道理,助动词也是用来帮助主动词传递信息的。
1. 表示时态。例如:
He is singing. 他在唱歌。(is 是助动词。注意,区别is做系动词时,如:He is a teacher, is 是系动词。)
He has got married. 他已结婚。(has got 是助动词,本身没意义。)
以下的这些也不再难理解了吧,试着看看汉语如何来表达吧。
2. 表示语态。例如:
He was sent to England. 他被派往英国。
3. 构成疑问句。例如:
Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗?
Did you study English before you came here? 你来这儿之前学过英语吗?
4. 与否定副词not合用,构成否定句。例如:
I dont like him. 我不喜欢他。
5. 加强语气。例如:
Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。
He did know that. 他的确知道那件事。
最常用的助动词有:be, have, do, shall, will, should, would
例如:
He doesnt like English. 他不喜欢英语。
(doesnt是助动词,无词义;like是主要动词,有词义)
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