2010年北京市中、高考阅读新题型解析

　　托福考试的阅读理解有这样一种题型，文章中标出A、B、C、D四个位置，让考生将所句子放在最合适的位置，从而使文章逻辑连贯，前后呼应，通顺合理。下面是我从《新托福一遍通 阅读应试指南(基础篇)》(高等教育出版社2008年6月第一版)一书中选择的三篇文章，同学们练一练，找一找感觉。

　　 例文一、从文中A、B、C、D中选择一个最合适的位置，将句子This is close to the real meaning, a carrying of things or people from one place to another.加入文中。

　　 Do you want to increase your vocabulary? A good way to do this is to break long English words into smaller parts. These parts are called roots(词根), prefixes(前缀), and suffixes(后缀). A) They have meanings that are easy to remember.

　　 In the word transportation, the root is port. This means to carry. The prefix is trans. This means across. The suffix is tion. This means the word is a noun. B) So, we could guess that transportation means something like carrying across. C) Once you learn some of the common roots, prefixes, and suffixes, you can figure out(想出，断定) the meanings of many other unfamiliar(不熟悉的) English words. D)

　　 例文二、从文中A、B、C、D中选择一个最合适的位置，将句子This band of colors is called a spectrum(光谱).加入文中。

　　 The sun sends out a very, very large amount of light. A) Only about one billionth of it reaches us. Sunlight is a mixture of colors. We can see these colors through a prism(三棱镜). A prism is a specially shaped piece of glass. The light is bent a little passing through the prism. Then, it shows as a band of colors. B) First, there is red, which is bent the least. Next is orange, then yellow, green, blue, and violet. Violet is bent the most. C) There are also thousands of sharp, dark lines crossing the band. Scientists study these lines and learn many different things. D)

　　 例文三、从文中A、B、C、D中选择一个最合适的位置，将句子In time, you learn to set the controls for each kind of situation.加入文中。

　　 On a ten-speed bicycle you have two controls, one t go faster and one to go forward more easily. You must make a choice in setting them. You can either go faster or go forward more easily. A) You cant do both.

　　The two controls have ten different settings. B) Thats why it is called a ten-speed. On level ground(平地) , you can go faster. C) Going uphill, you can go forward easily but not as quickly. On a very high hill, you can keep going but even more slowly. It takes a little practice to know when to use the different settings. D)

　　（文中中文释义为笔者加注。）

　　2010年中、高考新增的阅读题型与此类试题颇为相似。目的都是通过句子和文面的操作，考查考生对文章整体结构和逻辑连贯的整体把握。所不同是托福为一句多处，为一个萝卜选一个合适的坑，萝卜少坑多；中、高考则是 多句多处，为多个萝卜选合适的坑，坑不足而萝卜有余。

　　我们暂且叫这一新题型补全阅读。补全阅读和常规的完形填空同属于残缺阅读范畴，它们不仅考查考生的语言基础知识、交际能力，更是对考生心理素质的一次检验。但与完形填空所不同的是，补全阅读已经上升到句子和文章的更高层面，着重考查学生的分析理解和布局谋篇能力。它着眼全文，从句子和文章的大视野中来考查学生的阅读实力，只有读懂全文，洞悉脉络，理清思路，方能相互匹配，对号入座。完形填空则主要考查固定搭配、句型结构、词汇的运用和辨析、逻辑连贯、前后照应等语言知识和篇章理解能力，着眼点多在单词层面。

　　但考生大可不必胆怯慌张，甚至一筹莫展。任何考试的目的都是为了考查考生对知识的掌握程度、能力、才智或心理素质，绝非与考生作对，把考生考倒二后快。王老师说的好，只要能力大，咋考都不怕；只要准备齐，咋考都第一！只要准备充分，阅读广泛，语感好，理解强，考什么，如何考，都不会有问题。就像中考任务型阅读一样，当初也曾是阅读理解新题型，也曾让老师学生呈惶呈恐，但只要读懂文章，缕顺脉络，抓住细节，一个抄字几乎可以全揽十分。补全阅读也是如此，只要感觉好，读功高强，这份分数你也将照单全收。

　　现在我们来分析解答上面的例题。

　　例文一第二段通过对词根 port，前缀trans和后缀tion的解释，猜测出单词transportation的意识为 carrying across，这一猜测与单词的本意相当接近正是目标句所表达的意思，目标句中的This指的就是这个guess。一个guess承上启下，将目标句放在C出是再合适不过了。例文二仅仅从B前面的句子Then, it shows as a band of colors.就可判断此处是放置目标句的风水宝地，因为紧接着说This band of colors is called a spectrum.即得体，又舒服，自然，连贯，可谓信手拈来。再看例文三，一个词组in time(在此意为最终终将)告诉我们目标句是对全文的总结，D是绝佳去处。所以，以上三个操练的答案分别是C、B、D。

　　需要指出的是，补全阅读让考生所填的句子往往是主题句、总结句，或承上启下的过渡句。阅读解题时考生务必通读全文，全面规划，统筹安排，摒弃那些所谓的技巧，分析文章结构，把握逻辑连贯，明晰文章的起、进、收，方能高屋建瓴，为目标句找到合适的婆家。

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