学会如何猜测词义 提升中考阅读水平(二)

　　五、并列平行结构

　　它表示意义上的并列或相似关系。表示并列关系的词语为and, similarly, like, just as, also, etc.

　　例一：A childs birthday party does not have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anacleria, an Evaston mother of two, aged 4 and 18 months.

　　分号前后为两个并列平行的分句，后一句意为生日聚会可以充满快乐、乐趣，我们可以推测hassle意为混乱。

　　例二：First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Fermat in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique.

　　baffled 和beaten为并列平行关系，根据beaten可以推测出baffled意为难倒，使受挫，阻碍之意。

　　例三：John loves to talk, and his sisters are similarly loquacious.

　　根据and和similarly判定短语loves to talk 和loquacious.之间为同义比较，意为健谈的。

　　六、因果关系

　　它也是推测词义的一种重要方式。我们可以通过结果推测原因，亦可通过原因推测结果。

　　例句：The girl began to feel homesick because she had been away from her family for years.

　　根据原因状语从句和homesick本身的构词方法，我们推断它的词义为想家的。

　　七、举例法

　　即通过生词后面所举的例子来推断生词的含义。

　　例句：In this reading room, you can find almost all periodicals in China, such as: The World of English, Foreign Language in School, English Learning or Readers.

　　我们根据后面所举的例子，不难推断出periodicals是期刊之意。

　　八、语境线索或上下文

　　即利用语境来推测生词含义的方法。这是我们用来推测词义的主要方法之一。

　　例一：The days of elderly women doing nothing but cooking huge meals on holidays are gone. Enter the Red Hat Societya group holding the belief that old ladies should have fun.

　　My grandmothers did not do anything, but keep house and serve everybody, they were programmed to do that, said Emily Cornette, head of a chapter of the 7-year-old Red Hat Society.

　　根据上下文我们可以很容易得出chapter的词义为这个组织the Red Hat Society的一个分支。

　　例二：As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency ( 一贯性 )is very important teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality ( 道德 ). Also, parents should realize that example is better than precept. If they are not sincere and dont practice what they preach ( teach ), their children may grow confused, and emotionally insecure ( 不稳定 )when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled.

　　根据上下文我们可知precept的词义为说教。

　　例三：Here are some simple ways to beat the stress often caused by our inventions!

　　Dont be available all the time. Turn off your mobile phone at certain times of the day. Dont check your e-mail every day. Dont reply to somebody as soon as they leave a text message just because you can. It may be fun at first, but it soon gets annoying.

　　根据语境我们知道available的词义为可与之交谈的或有空的。

　　例四：We found that bar at last. I didnt have to ask again, for there it was in big letters over the windowStar Bar. There were some iron tables outside with plastic chairs around them. A few people sat listlessly around, looking at a portable television set that someone had brought out of the bar. They were all in thin summer dresses or short sleeved-shirts; even at that late hour it was stifling. Two thin dogs lay under one of the tables with their tongues out, and some of the women were fanning themselves unenthusiastically (无精打采的) with magazines.

　　根据语境我们猜出stifling的词义为极热的。

　　九、标点符号的暗示

　　例一：The days of elderly women doing nothing but cooking huge meals on holidays are gone. Enter the Red Hat Societya group holding the belief that old ladies should have fun.

　　破折号后面的部分对the Red Hat Society作了解释，是一个认为老年人应该有自己乐趣的团体。

　　例二：The largest playerShanghai Bashi Tourism Car Rental Center offers a wide variety of choicesdeluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches. Santana sedans are the big favorite.　　第二个破折号后面的deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches应该指的是汽车的品牌或种类。

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