命题作文就是我们依据所给题目,确定中心,选择材料,写出符合题意,内容表达具体、充分的文章。
写命题作文通常要注意以下几点:
一、审准题目:文章的中心要对题目的分析来确定,一定要弄清主题的内涵,确立与文章联系的主题思想,表达不能游离于主题,否则即使内容再精彩,也是跑题作文,得分将会大打折扣,因此,写命题作文最重要的是先审清题目,确立要表现的中心。
二、构思结构:就是开放思路,启动联想,构想表现形式,勾勒出文章的结构层次,依次写出引言段,主题句,发展段和结尾句,努力使之新颖,别致。
三、选择材料:这一点很重要,一定要围绕想表现的中心去选择组织材料,所选的材料必须典型精要。
四、表达:就是用最确切明了的语言贯穿材料,表达自己的思想,力争用符合英语语法规则。英语表达习惯,最顺畅自然的词,句,段去表达中心思想,与表现中心无关的话即使再生动形象也不要去写。就写作的目的表现形式来看,命题作文分为三种形式:1、记叙文类;2、说明文类; 3、议论文类。
下面就谈一谈记叙文的写作
记叙文就是以记叙人物的经历或事物发展变化过程为主的一种文章。在初中写作训练中,记叙文是最基本,最常见,最重要的书面表达形式。记叙文有六要素即指时间,地点,人物和事件的起因,经过和结果。一篇记叙文只要把这些要素写清楚,文章就会内容具体, 眉目清晰,中心意思明确。一般情况下,这六要素中的人物,时间,地点作为开端,要写在文章的开头。事件,原因常作为记叙文的段落发展,又称为文章的主体部分,应该放在文章的中间。结果作为记叙文的结局常放在文章的末尾处。
记叙文从写作的线索上来看,有三种表现形式:
1、以人物为主,围绕人物组织材料。
2、以事物为中心,围绕事件组织材料或围绕事件写人。
3、以写景状物,描写为主。
写好记叙文应注意以下几点:
1、明确写作目的:写文章的目的就是确切表达一个中心思想,文章的一切内容应自始自终地为展开中心服务。
2、选择细节材料:选择好的细节材料就是为了更好地表现主题,所选择的材料要有代表性,典型性。写作内容要详略得当,主要情节应详细写,次要内容要简略或概述。
1)关于写人物,一般要把某人的年龄,外貌和性格特征,人物行为,心理活动等方面简要概括出来。同时要略加点评或感想。
2)关于写事件,事件是记叙的核心,往往有它的起因,经过和结局。写事件要比较详细地交代事情的来龙去脉,同时要重点突出,表达精练,防止渲染。
3、恰当的选择写作方法:记叙文的写作方法就是指写作的顺序,文章先写什么,后写什么都要有一定顺序。
中考经典展示:
(1) 以My Mother为题写一篇短文。(2003扬州)
内容要点:1.我的妈妈是护士,工作努力。2.上个月去北京,抗击SARS (fight against)。3.一个月没有回来。4.保护我们免受侵害。5.我爱妈妈,为妈妈自豪。
标题已给出,要求1.写清时间 2.要点要完整 3.可适当增加内容 4.字数在60个词左右
(2)班会上,老师要求每位同学用英语介绍自己的一位朋友,请你根据所提供的要点为题写一篇短文。(2003南京)
要点:1. Who is he / she。2. When and where did you get to know him / her。3. Why do you like him / her。
注意:1.文章的开头和结尾已给出(不计入词数) 2.词数60-80,须包括以上要点,可适当增加细节使短文意思通畅。3.条理清楚,语意连贯,句式规范,字迹工整。4.文中不得出现真实的人名。校名等相关信息。
写作实践范例
以My Chinese Teacher为标题写一篇字数为80-100之间的英语短文。提示内容如下:
1、孙老师今年36岁,中等身材。
2、她关心。热爱学生,工作认真负责。
3、她语文课讲得生动。有趣。
My Chinese Teacher
Of all the subjects, I like Chinese best because I have a good Chinese teacher. Though she has been teaching us for only three years, I respect and love her very much.
My Chinese teacher is thirty-six years old and she is neither tall nor short.
Ms Sun works very hard. She is always the first to come and the last to leave her office. She tries to make her classes lively and interesting. And we enjoy her lessons very much.
Ms Sun is very kind and friendly to us. And we're getting on well with each other. But she is very strict with us in our studies.
Ms Sun teaches us so well that we all enjoy learning Chinese. All the students think she is one of the most popular teachers in our school.
新题导练
请以My Classmate为标题写一篇记叙文
要求:1、主题明确。语言流畅。思路清晰。 2、字数在100字以内。
思路点拨
写记叙文要按照事物发展的客观规律叙述,所叙述的内容要交代清楚,条理清晰,重点突出,主次分明,详略得当。
这篇文章也是记叙文,主人公应该用第三人称,时态以一般过去时为主。本文以主人公为中心线索,以一、两件事件为重点内容去组织材料,反映主人公的形象特征。整个内容情节要合情合理,有真实感,叙述时可按事情发展的顺序进行,同时加以点评。
参考范文
My Classmate
Liu Kai is my classmate. He is a good student and always ready to help others.
One day on his way to school, he saw a little girl crossing the road. A car was coming towards her quickly and the girl was too frightened to move. The car nearly hit her. Just then LiuKai rushed up to her and caught her by the arm. The little girl was saved. She told him where she lived, and he took her home. When LiuKai hurried into the classroom, the teacher had already begun his lesson. He told the teacher why he was late. He was then praised for what he had done.
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