Animals were friends or foes of humanity at different stages of the human history. In modern times, experiments upon animals have been a breeding ground for spirited debate. Some animal rights activists argue that we should ban animal experiments altogether because subjecting animals to experimentation is unwarranted on moral grounds, whereas some other people contend that the advancement of science necessitates animal testing. Personally, I am in favor of the latter view.
Granted, mounting empirical evidence suggests that many animal experiments are performed callously without any heed to the discomfort or pain that laboratory mammals endure. For one thing, improper confinement of test animals such as locking them up in cramped cages is inhumane; and this, in turn, can severely disrupt natural biological functions of the test animal. For another, the effects of vaccination or vivisection conducted on live mammals can be chilling. In extreme cases, they constitute sheer torture of animals.
Nevertheless, from a more pragmatic standpoint, evidence abounds that animal subjects are still an indispensable part of scientific research at this phase of human development. In the first place, drug experimentation on live mammals is, indisputably, far more effectual than experimentation on bacteria or on other lower species in determining drug safety. Medical history informs that drugs that can potentially exert grave side effects on homo sapiens must be tested by pharmaceutical companies on live mammals first to ascertain their toxicity. In the second place, in the realm of space research, live animals are still practical alternatives on a flight not considered to be sufficiently safe for human astronauts. And I would be hard-pressed to imagine the scenario that human lives should be put at stake when the objective of a space mission is merely to identify living creatures reaction to outer space experience. Lastly, lab research about the behavioral tendencies of chimpanzees, gorillas or other members of the primate group is also a worthy endeavor, in light of the fact that it generates outcomes consistently advancing anthropological and genetic sciences.
To conclude, I concede that experiments upon animals may induce suffering to the test animals. However, it is generally arguable that there are no practical alternatives to this methodology at the current stage of scientific development. On balance , I am convinced that what we should do is to allow animals testing to be continued but at the same time use techniques such as analgesic, anesthetic and tranquilizing drugs to minimize the pain of the test animal.
雅思写作语法错误(7):时态
雅思大作文审题误区分析
雅思写作语法错误(1):语序
人文类话题在雅思写作中的命题形式
雅思写作简单模板句型帮你提分
雅思写作语法错误(2):主谓一致和冠词的用法
雅思写作中,怎样使用“合适”的语言
谚语警句帮助提高雅思写作
如何走出雅思写作TASK2三步走中的常见误区
雅思写作:遇到不会的单词
雅思写作中国学生需注意的六大误解
雅思写作:大作文扩展段套句
雅思写作不可忽视细节:标点符号的用法(英)
雅思作文:写作四大标准
雅思写作高分指导之实例论证法
决定雅思写作成败的六大细节
低学龄考生形成的五大雅思作文“备考误区”
雅思写作:用英语写日记
雅思写作大作文审题需谨慎
高中生雅思写作:五大误区之光看范文而不写
雅思写作高分指导之对比法
雅思写作句型模板(7):表示事实、现状
雅思写作:揭秘雅思考官如何批写作
雅思写作取胜的三个关键介绍
雅思写作各个分数段的给分标准
雅思考试:谨防雅思写作两大常见误区
雅思写作 高中生如何对治五大常犯“误区”
五大雅思作文备考误区
十大雅思写作考试扣分点
举例介绍雅思写作失败的开篇
不限 |
英语教案 |
英语课件 |
英语试题 |
不限 |
不限 |
上册 |
下册 |
不限 |