雅思写作核心技巧：巧用英汉表达(2)

　　英语和汉语这两种重要的语言在表达方式上的不同是雅思考生们在写作中遇到的最大问题之一。由于文化和思考方式的不同，大家的表达方式的侧重点不同直接导致了大家的雅思写作分数不高。雅思为大家整理了一些英汉两种语言的不同的表达方式，以期对同学的雅思写作有所帮助。

　　英语和汉语的表达侧重点顺序

　　1. 英文先结果，后原因。

　　因为我爱他而不是恨他，所以我才会批评他。

　　I criticized him, not because I hate him but because I love him.

　　也许校园生活并非总像想象中的那样，所以很多学生才会感到失落。

　　Many students feel lost because campus life is not always what they imagined.

　　2. 英文先结论，后叙事

　　经过多年的努力，我们终于解决了这个难题。

　　We have solved the problem after many years hard work.

　　3. 英语先表态，后叙事

　　是什么导致了人的犯罪，我们还不能确定。

　　We are still not sure what causes people to commit a crime

　　死记硬背有很多的局限性，这一点我们必须承认。

　　We should admit that rote learning has a number of limitations.

　　英语多替换，汉语多重复

　　由于英文重形合，所以通过各种形合手段将比较大量的信息连接在一个句子里，联系紧密，逻辑分明。这种情况下，其代词所指往往比较明确而不易混淆，因此，为了避免单调乏味，英文句子常常采用替换、省略等方式来变换同一个词的表达。而中文则相反，由于汉语主要考意合，考隐含的逻辑贯穿全句，因此为了保持句子的形散神不散，就需要通过重复的手段来增强凝聚力，保持读者的注意力。所以，汉语往往不使用同义词等替代手段，因为那样会使得精力分散。如，用代词替代：

　　他讨厌失败，他一生曾战胜失败，超越失败，并且蔑视别人的失败。

　　He hated failure, he had conquered it all his life, risen above it, despised it in others.

　　而不会写成：

　　He hated failure, he had conquered the failure all his life, risen above the failure, despised the failure in others.

　　再看一个用同义词替换的例子：

　　雅思作文低分版本：

　　Think about this situation. A student interviewed another student and many students about what it is like to be an only child. If the teachers in charge of the school paper did not edit names of students from the paper or facts that would give that particular student away to other students, then serious problems could be caused for the students who gave their information.

　　雅思作文改进版：

　　Think about this situation. A reporter interviewed many students about what it is like to be an only child. If the teachers in charge of the school paper did not edit names of the interviewees from the paper or facts that would give each person away to the readers, then serious problems could be caused for the students who gave their information.

　　第一个低分版本里面用了大量重复的单词student，非常枯燥乏味，而改进版将student用了reporter、the interviewees、each person、readers等词来替代，句子用词富于变化，自然生动得多了。因此，在平时的雅思学习过程中，要注意积累同义词、反义词的积累，这样才能在写作中游刃有余，取得高分。最后，雅思预祝大家在雅思考试中取得好成绩！