为了方便广大考生更好的复习,综合整理了浅析it在雅思写作中的应用,以供各位考生考试复习参考,希望对考生复习有所帮助。愿大家都能取得好成绩,
形式主语;
(一)什么是形式主语
作为形式主语的it并无实际语义,是为满足语法上的需要,避免句子头重脚轻,它代替的是句子的逻辑主语。
(二)形式主语it所在的句型类别
1、作不定式的形式主语
句型
It; is; +; a; pity/a; pleasure; +; to; do; sth.
It; is; +; wrong/right/wise/cruel/naughty/selfish; +; of; sb.; +; to; do; sth.
It; is; +; necessary/hard/important/difficult/possible/common; +; for; sb.; +; to; do; sth.
雅思范文写作实例
A.; Beyond; this,; it; is; also; of; paramount; importance; to; use; theaters; and; museums; as; the:social; classroom culture; and; history; education.
B.; I; think; it; is; by; no; means; pointless,; in; any; way,; to; try; to; keep; traditions; alive; with; technology.;
C.; It; is; difficult; to; say; who; has; the; right; to; judge; whether; children; working; is:wrong or:valuable
D.; ,; it; is; important; to; remember; that; children; need; to; develop; skills; other; than; intellectual; ones; and;
E.; Finally,; I; think; that; it; is; also; important; to; remember; that; children; need; to; relax; as; well; as; work;
F.; Because; people; interpret; happiness; for; themselves; in; so; many; different; ways,; it; is; difficult; to; give; ang; definition; that; is; true; for; everyone.;
G.; It; is; quite; common; these; days; for; young; people; in; many; countries; to; have; a; break; for; studying; after; graduation; from; high; school.;
H.; They; may; think; that; it; is; better; to; continue; in; a; particular; job,; or; to; do; sth; completely; different; from; from; a; university; course.;
据本人统计,剑桥官方的雅思真题几乎每一篇Task2考官范文中,都有所使用,甚至在有的文章中出现三次之多。
学生写作实例
实例 1:Many; people,; if; not; most,; are; strong; believer; in; the; claim; that; regard; children; go; to; work; as; completely; wrong,while; others; hold; the; opposite; opinion.
修改建议:it; is; completely; wrong; for; children; to; go; to; work.
实例2:They; have; to; complete; their; homework; conscientiously; within; limited; time; and; difficult; to; discover; the; problems; in; studies.
修改建议:thus; it; is; difficult; to; discover; their; problems; in; study.
实例3:College; graduates; are; difficult; to; find; jobs.
修改建议:It; is; difficult; for; college; graduates; to; find; jobs.
实例4:Parents; realise; the; needs; of; their; children; is; extremely; important.
修改建议:It; is; extremely; important; for; parents; to; realise; the; needs; of; their; children.
It; is; extremely; important; that; parents; realise; the; needs; of; their; children.
2、作动名词的形式主语
句型
It; is; +; ; use/good/useless/a; waste; of; time/energy/efforts; +; doing; sth.
It; is; +; good/useless/hard/foolish/enjoyable/worthwhile; +; doing; sth.
雅思范文写作实例
A.; For; instance,; children; usually; pay; attention; to; match; their; clothing; and; toys; ; in; fact,; it; is; really; worth; competing; thing; that; their; study; is; being; ignored.
B.; Some; parents; believe; that; it; is; no; use; having; second; education; for; their; kids.
学生作文实例
实例:Particular; countries; and; individuals; deals; with; environmental; issues; are; no; use.
修改建议:It; is; no; use; dealing; with; environmental; issues; by; particular; countries; and; indivuduals.
3、作主语从句的形式主语
句型
It; is; +; ; n./; adj./v-ed; +; that
It; +; seems/happens/appears/matters//strikes/occurs; +; that
It; is; +; said/reported/believed/; accepted/announced/estimated/acknowledged; +; that
It; +; must; be; admitted/stressed; out; +; that/It; +; cannot; be; denied; +; that/It; +; can; be; foreseen; +; that
It; +; goes; without; saying; +; that
雅思范文实例
A.; It; is; an; understandable; fact; that; many; employers; may; prefer; to; use; the; services; of; children; simply; to; save; money; by; paying; them; less; than; adults; and; it; is; this; type; of; exploitation; tht; should; be; discouraged.;
B.; Admittedly,; it; is; common; sense; that; a; person; without; cooperative; spirit; will; be; difficult; to; survive; in; the; modern; society.
C.; Unfortunately,; it; is; not; always; the; case; that; new; things; are; promoted; because; they; have; good; impacts; for; the; majority; of; people.;
D.; It; is; clear; from; the; data; given; that; there; are; some; significant; differences; in; spending; habits; in; Europe.;
E.; It; goes; without; saying; that; it; pays; to; keep; early; hours.
F.; Take; holding; an; Olympic; games; as; an; example,; it; is; no; doubt; it; will; take; millions; of; money; to; build; stadiums.
G.; A; more; dramatic; rise; is; predicted; between; 2030; and; 2040; in; Japan,; by; which; time; it; is; thought; that; the; proportion; of; elderly; people; will; be; similar; in; the; three; countries.;
H.; It; seems; that; the; experiences; we; have; in; life; are; so; unpredictable; and; so; powerful,; that; they; can; boost; or; overide; other; influences,;
学生写作实例
实例1:It; is; quite; obvious/evident /apparent; that; the; quantity; of; families; who; tends; to; go; outside; and; infuse; fresh; oxygen; into; their; lungs; is; growing; steadily.
实例 2:It; is; universally; acknowledged; that; the; best; way; to; arouse; people love; to; our; nature,; who; has; devoted; herself; too; much; to; human; being development; while; has; received; barely; anything; till; now,; is; to; let; them; see; the; beauty; of; hers; by; themselves.
这是XVCC23强化班里一位基础较好的学生的写作实例,其中的语法、措辞方面的错误已经进行了修改。
实例3:Clearly,; rush; hours; emerges; in; the; early; morning; as; well; as; ; early; evening; which; is; most; busy/the; busiest; in; a; day; as; a; whole; in; London.
修改建议:这个句子的结构应该是无可厚非的,但是,按照雅思评分的标准,句式稍微做一下调整,会更漂亮: 如:It; is; clear; that; rush; hours; emerge; in; the; early; morning; as; well; as; in; the; early; evening; which; is; most; busy/the; busiest; in; a; day; as; a; whole; in; London. 或者改成 It; is; demonstrated; that; rush; hours; emerge; in; the; early; morning; as; well; as; in; the; early; evening; which; is; most; busy/the; busiest; in; a; day; as; a; whole; in; London. 这样一个小小的调整,其句子修改前后的效果是显而易见的。
(三)it作形式主语的特征分析
根据以上对it作形式主语的句型结构的解析,对雅思写作范文、尤其是官方考官范文的分析,以及对学生写作过程中出现的it使用状况的详细解读可知: 相比较于名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句的复杂性和多边性,it作为形式主语的句式结构可谓简明扼要,学生掌握起来应该说是得心应手的。
(四)不能正确使用it形式主语的原因
在信息编排时,英语句子遵循 focus的原则,即旧信息在前,新信息在后 information+new; information 但是,当句子主语结构较长,容易使句子产生 weight的感觉时, 句子结构则遵循 weight的原则,即,把较长的主语全部置于句子尾部。前面空掉的主语位置用it来代替,担当形式主语的功能。
而汉语并不具有这类明显的特征,学生对英汉两种语言结构差异知之甚少,或者略有所知,在真正的运用中,也未必能够正确的体现出来。多数学生都本着汉语式的思维,一遇到某人做某事是怎么样的/是什么就习惯性地写成t
三、总结;
建议学生在雅思学习中,采取步步为营的四步走战略战术,循序渐进:首先,记住句型结构; 其次,模仿写作; 之后,进行独立创作; 最后,形成属于自己的 模板句型。作为雅思写作学习中可控制的因素,我们可以培养句式运用的习惯,使习惯称为自然。为了我们雅思的学习这个努力是值得 的,it; pays; in; the; long; run.
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