雅思写作中常出现错误:There are many students go abroad.
严重程度:
搞笑指数:
这个错误在广大雅思考生的习作中是极为普遍常见的,从中文直译考量没有任何问题:有许多学生出国留学,有这个莫名奇妙的字在中章里常被当做一种语气助词使用,习惯进行汉英翻译的考生们便因此犯了名为run - on sentences这样一个错误。A run-on sentence is asentence in which two or more independent clauses (that is, complete sentences) are joined without appropriate punctuation or conjunction.(两个独立完整的单句没有通过正确的标点符号或者连词进行连接)。上面的例子让我们不禁想起韩乔生名嘴那句有名的解说:XXX以迅雷不及掩耳盗铃之势,令人忍俊不禁。
探究这一错误的原因,名师分析认为主要还是考生对英文写作的句式分割概念不清,中文句子分割常常是从意义出发,只要意思没有表达完毕,可以一句连一句地持续写下去,直至内容结束。而英文句子是按照结构划分的,只要句子含有完整的主谓结构(祈使句等除外,在雅思写作中不多见)就可以独立成句。如果忽视中英文写作表达的区别,就会出现 一逗到底的断句方式,这是很多雅思考生的顽症和恶疾。例子中的错误就在于将两个单句There are many students. 和Many students go abroad.想当然地混合在了一起。
那么我们先来看看这样的错误应该怎样来修正?
修正方法一:将句子分割成两个独立的简单句:There are many students. They go abroad.这种方法虽然没有任何语法错误,但连贯性不强而且过于简单,比较适合于写作初学者,在雅思写作中不予推荐。因此我们可以将其进行进一步的改良:1)增加连接词,根据本句的含义,可以增加表顺接的连词and:There are many students and they go abroad. 2)用分号分隔句子:There are many students; they go abroad.
修正方法二:去掉根据中文直译而多余的there be,直接恢复成一个简单句:Many students go abroad. 句子简单明了,符合英文习惯。
修正方法三:将其中一个句子保留作为主体句,根据句子意义将另外一个句子变成某个从属成分或是从句:1)There are many students going abroad. 2) There are many students who go abroad.满足了某些学生希望使用复杂句型或是非谓语动词的需求。
在此提醒考生们,无论哪种方式,都是以遵守英文写作句式的基本法则作为基础的,将雅思写作简单地等同于头脑中观点的翻译是绝对行不通的。
我们再来看一个也属于run-on sentence的例子:Some people think that pets make too much noise and disturb the neighbor, however others consider keeping pets a good way to kill the time.
根据刚才我们对于run-on sentence的说明和分析,这个句子没有正确地运用连词来分隔句子,而是将however这个副词当做连词使用。这种错误在雅思考生中间也十分常见,主要问题是由于对词性把握不够。我们先根据刚才的思路重新修正一下这个句子:
1) Some people think that pets make too much noise and disturb the neighbor;however, others consider keeping pets a good way to kill the time.
2) Some people think that pets make too much noise and disturb the neighbor,while others consider keeping pets a good way to kill the time.
英文写作中,不同词性后面所接的结构是很不同的,最容易混淆的三种就是副词、连词及介词,副词只能表达语气,不能改变句子原有结构;连词可以连接句子,起到连贯的效果;介词后接名词性短语。我们来试着翻译一个句子,区别一下三者的使用:由于生活的快节奏,许多人选择在外吃快餐而不是自己做饭。
1) 连词:由于本句为因果关系,我们可以将前半句变成一个原因状语从句,as作为连接词:As the pace of life accelerates, modern people prefer to have fast food outside than cook by themselves at home.
2) 介词:还是在原因上进行变化,将其变成一个句子的状语结构,选择with: With the fast pace of life, modern people prefer to have fast food outside than cook by themselves at home.
3) 副词:将后半句变成一个具有结果意义的分句,选择therefore:The pace of life accelerates; therefore, modern people prefer to have fast food outside than cook by themselves at home.
因此,要避免run-on sentence的第二个诀窍就是要分清不同连接词的词性,根据其语法特性搭配不同的结构。
总结一下导致这种错误的两个原因:句子结构的划分不清及词性的混乱使用。针对这两个问题,在雅思写作中,朗阁海外考试研究中心建议考生务必用两个标准来确认自己是否犯错:
1) 检查句子中的谓语动词数量,如果是多个动词并用,且意思并列,会出现连词如and;否则就应该被转化为非谓语动词(to do, -ing, -ed),或是从句中的成分。避免动词混用造成句子堆积。
2) 确认所用连接词的词性,不要想当然地使用,借助词典,永远是学英语的好帮手。
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