雅思学术类考试作为准备出国学习的一项成绩,在很多学子的出国路上造成了不小的障碍。而阅读部分一大难点是其变化多端、纷繁复杂的题型。这些题型粗粗的算来可以分为九大类:标题对应题、真假判断题、总结题、简答题、句子完成题、图表填空题、配对题、选择题、流程图题。在这些题型当中,真假判断题占到了将近50%。所以判断题做得好坏直接决定了考生在阅读上的成绩。
在是非无判断题的考试中,考生要对试卷上所列出的一系列命题进行判断。如果这些陈述句是反映观点或者态度的,那么考生的任务就是判断这些句子是否和作者的观点一致。在这种情况下,答案的选择是YES,NO或者是NOT GIVEN。如果这些陈述句表述的内容是有关事实信息,那么考生就要判断这些句子是否和文中的信息一致。在这种情况下,答案的选择是TRUE,FALSE或者是NOT GIVEN。这里要特别说明的是在考试中YES,NO,NOT GIVEN和TRUE,FALSE,NOT GIVEN只是考试形式的区别,在判断方式上并没有本质区别。
那么,我们需要拿什么标准来判断我们的命题是否正确呢?现在有很多不同的说法,在多年的教学经验的基础上,总结出了这样的标准:
TRUE或YES:所需判断的陈述句中所有的考点词汇和原文中的表达完全对应。
NOT GIVEN:所需判断的陈述句中在没有错误的前提之下,至少有一个考点词汇文章没有提到相关内容。
下面结合剑桥雅思4上面的具体题目来讲解一下我的判断标准。
首先来解释TRUE/YES的标准:所需判断的陈述句中所有的考点词汇和原文中的表达完全对应。从表述中可以看出,正确的标准是唯一性的,只有在全部考点都正确的情况下,该命题才能被判断为TRUE/YES。
原文:Many studies have shown that children harbour misconceptions about pure science, curriculum science. 分析:此题答案为TRUE。从两个句子表达中不难看出,两句话都是针对children这同一对象,并且在观点陈述中hold对应harbour都作动词,表示包含,拥有, mistaken views对应misconceptions,表示错误的概念, that they study at school对应curriculum science,在这里curriculum做名词,表示学校课程的意思。
题干:The fact that childrens ideas about science form part of a larger framework of ideas means that it is easier to change them.
原文:These misconceptions do not remain isolated but become incorporated into a multifaceted, but organised, conceptual framework, making it and the component ideas, some of which are erroneous, more robust but also accessible to modification,
分析:虽然原文是一个长难句,但从表达意思的主体上来看并没有太大的改变。childrens ideas about science对应these misconceptions,都指的儿童对于科学的认识,只不过文章中表达为错误的概念,form part of a larger framework of ideas对应do not remain isolated but become incorporated into a multifaceted, but organised, conceptual framework,都表达了儿童的观点形成了一个大的框架的观点,区别就在于文章对这个框架作了一些详细的描述,means that it is easier to change them对应making it and the component ideas, some of which are erroneous, more robust but also accessible to modification,在这里,考点的对应集中在了easier 正好对应了文章中的more accessible, to change them对应了modification.
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