1. 题目费解
对于词汇量不是太大的学生,比如基础阶段或突破阶段上升到精品阶段的学生,题目中有时出现的词汇会导致他们理解困难,由于对题目的意思没有一个总体的把握,从而导致失分。比如剑桥4 test 4 passage 2 The Nature and Aims of Archeology,第18题 Archaeology is a more demanding field of study than anthropology.在这道题中,定位词为 archaeology, anthropology, 考点词为more demanding than。很多学生对于理解demanding一词时会有费解,这个单词在这道题中应该表示要求更多的,更费精力的,更耗时的。文章第四段最后一句 anthropology is thus a broad discipline - so broad that it is generally broken down into three smaller discipline; physical anthropology, cultural anthropology and archaeology. 在这句话中确实出现了题目中的两个定位词,假如考生将demanding误解成广或者大之类的含义,则会选择答案为true。但是由于题目中的 demanding是费力、耗时的意思,在此句话中并未提及两门课的具体工作的难度比较,所以正确答案应该为not given。
2. 题目中的定位词不易判断
第二种情况当题目比较长,比较复杂时,考生可能会找错定位词从而误判考题。比如剑桥4 test one passage one 第5题 The study involved asking children a number of yes/ no questions such as Are there any rainforests in Africa? 通常考生会选择题目中的特殊标点符号或特殊字体去定位,因此往往确定了yes/no questions 或者Are there any rainforests in Africa? 作为解题的定位词。事实上,当我们再仔细阅读题目,可以发现此题的重点是在讲这个研究包含了什么问题,假如原文中讲到这个研究包含的是另外一种问题,仅仅根据包含后面的内容去找,有可能会误断为not given。这道题最好的定位词应该找句子的主语the study, 在原文的第四段首句,我们就可以发现出现了the study这个词眼the study surveys...secondary school students were asked to complete a questionnaire containing five open-form questions.因此此题的正确答案应该为false。对于定位词的把握不是太确定的考生,建议可以在题目中找两至三个定位词。
3. 定位词不易定位
第三种情况是当考生分析好题目,确定了定位词和考点词,但是回原文寻找时,却找不到原文所对应的内容。这一类情况又分为两种情形。
A. 定位词在原文中发生了较大的转变
剑桥5 test 2 passage 3 The Birth of Scientific English 第37题 In 17th century Britain, leading thinkers combined their interest in science with an interest in how to express ideas.这道题的定位词应该为leading thinkers, interest in science以及how to express ideas, 考察的重点在combine...with...上面。在原文中并未明确涉及这三点,这就需要我们把how to express ideas理解成language, 在原文的第四段最后一句some of these scholars, including two with the interest in language - helped found the Royal Society in 1660 in order to promote empirical scientific research. 句中出现的1660年,对应题目中的17th century; interest in language对应题目中的interest in how to express ideas; promote empirical scientific research对应题目中的interest in science, 所以此题的确切答案应该为true。
B. 理解定位词所在的内容还需要联系前文
有些判断题,在原文中定位到定位词还不够,还需要联系前文的背景才能做出题目。比如剑桥8 test 1 passage two Air Traffic Control in the USA 第24题class F airspace is airspace which is below 365m and not near airports. 仔细阅读题干,可以判断该题中的class F airspace, below 365m, not near airports, 应该为题目的定位词,题干的考点词为and结构。原文G段第二行文字中出现了题干中Class F airspace这个大写的英文单词Uncontrolled airspace is designated Class F...这时需要回顾一下段落E中对uncontrolled airspace的介绍In general, from 365m above the ground and higher, the entire country is blanketed by controlled airspace ..., controlled airspace extends ...in the immediate vicinity of an airport...所以答案应该判断为true。
4. 题目对应的原文句子难理解
最后一种情况是,题目所对应的原文太长、太复杂,导致考生在理解上有困难,从而判断错答案。这一类情况在剑桥雅思中存在比较典型的两道题。比如剑桥4 test one passage one 第4题The fact that childrens ideas about science form part of a larger framework of ideas means that it is easier to change them. 题干中childrens ideas about science and framework可以做定位词,考点词为easier to change them。考生根据framework回原文定位到文章第二大段第三行...but organized, conceptual framework, making it and the component ideas, ...more robust but also accessible to modification. 原文中使用到了make sth adj这个结构表明framework and component ideas有两个特点more robust and accessible to modification, 这里的more这个比较级修饰了两个形容词:robust and accessible to modification, accessible to含有easy的概念,所以相当于表明了easier to change这个概念,很多考生在阅读时往往会忽略了这个隐含的比较级,会误选为not given, 实际答案应该为true。
剑桥 6 test 2 passage 3 Numeration 第39题 the Tsimshian language contains both older and newer systems of counting. 在这道题中older and newer systems of counting可以作为定位词,而考察的重点应该在both...and...上面。考生根据这两个定位词可以定位到原文倒数第二段it seems that the last is a later development while the first six groups show the relics of an older system. 有些考生会认为it seems表达的是对后面的内容的怀疑和猜测,而题目把它绝对化了,所以就判断该题为not given。但事实上根据原文前后内容,作者在这里用it seems只是表示对前面内容的委婉总结,并不是考生所理解的表示怀疑的态度,所以正确答案应该为true。
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