摘要归纳题是一小段文字,是原文或原文中几个段落主要内容的缩写或改写,我们称之为摘要。摘要中有几个空白部分要求考生填空。按照范围,摘要可分为两种:全文摘要和部分段落摘要。全文摘要,摘要信息来自原文,题目空格的数目较多。部分段落摘要,摘要来自原文某几个连续的段落,题目空格的数目较少。最近考试中出现的 大部分是不分段落摘要,信息来自原文连续的两到三段,题目空格的数目在3-5题左右。对于部分段落摘要,有的在题目要求中会指出它来自原文的那些段落,如complete the first two paragraphs of the Reading Passage. 但是大部分的部分段落摘要只是在题目要求中说它是原文的一个摘要或部分段落摘要,并不指出它来自原文的那些段落。有一点需要提醒,答案一定在文章中,决不用自己冥思苦想出一些单词来填入其中。
SUMMARY题型应采取以下的解体步骤:
摘要填空题应该注意两点:一, 注意运用语法知识判断所缺词,注意是判断所缺词的词性. 例如,系动词后面应使用名词或形容词,介词后面应使用名词或动名词,情态动词后面应使用动词原形,及物动词后面应用名词,不定式或动名词作宾语; 二,根据上下文判断是一个不容忽视的方法. 我们可以通过上下文的内容来判断,也可通过上下文的逻辑关系来判断.
仔细读摘要的第一句话,找出它在原文中的出处,通常是和原文某段话的第一句相对应。如果题目要求中已经指出了摘要的出处,则此步可以略去不做。注意空格前后的词,到原文中去找这些词的对应词。
对应词的特点如下:
a. 原词b. 词性变化;如空格前的词为threatening, 是形容词,原文中的词为threat, 是名词。c. 语态变化;一个是主动语态,一个是被动语态。d. 同义词;如空格前的词为throw away,原文中的词为discard,它们是同义词。
当然, 解答摘要归纳题的时候, 只是靠词性和题意去做, 是不够的. 我们需要结合对文章准确的理解和分析才能做得又快又准, 同时我们需要多多积累同义词和近意词, 这也是归纳总结题的重点.
我们通过一个雅思考试阅读部分的真题分析来了解答题技巧和思路。
原文: Clearly one must have a command of the words of a language before comprehension can be achieved. There are, however, at least two other levels to be considered: syntax and discourse. It is almost pointless attempting to make sense of comprehensible lexis if one is not also very clear about how words are strung together in the target language. Understandings of word order, and the significance of changes in word order, are vital. Te anticipation and recognition of common, acceptable and essential collocations clearly help the process of extracting information and meaning. Beyond this, it is also of paramount importance to recognize and understand the conventions of discourse structure, both generally and within specific subject areas. Recognizing the topic sentence in a paragraph, or the use of discourse sequence markers, for example, are the first important steps
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