阅读方法与技巧(上)

　　READING STRATEGIES AND SKILLS

　　This course will give you the opportunity to develop and practice reading strategies and skills which can be applied to all forms of IELTS tests. The strategies and skills you will practice are as follows:

　　1.Predicting

　　2.Skimming

　　3.Scanning

　　4.Detailed reading

　　5.Guessing unknown words

　　6.Understanding main ideas

　　7.Inferring

　　8.Understanding text organization

　　9.Assessing a writers purpose

　　10.Evaluating a writers attitude.

　　1 Predicting

　　Before you read a text in detail, it is possible to predict what information you may find in it. You will probably have some knowledge of the subject already, and you can use this knowledge to help you anticipate what a reading text contains. After looking at the title, for example, you can ask yourself what you know and do not know about the subject before you read the text. Or you can formulate questions that you would like to have answered by reading the text. These exercises will help you focus more effectively on the ideas in a text when you actually start reading.

　　To help you predict, you may also use skimming and scanning strategies as described below.

　　2 Skimming

　　Skimming involves reading quickly through a text to get an overall idea of its contents. Features of the text that can help you include the following:

　　 Title

　　 Sub-title

　　 Details about the author

　　 Abstract

　　 Introductory paragraph

　　 First, second and last sentences of following paragraphs

　　 Concluding paragraph

　　A text may not contain all of these features - there may be no abstract, for example, and no sub-titles - but you can usually expect to find at least , , and . Focusing on these will give you an understanding of the overall idea or gist of the text you are reading - in other words, a general understanding as opposed to a detailed reading.

　　Another term for this kind of reading is surveying. Surveying can be described as looking quickly through a book, chapter of a book, article from a journal, etc., to decide whether or not it is suitable for your purpose. To decide whether or not a text is suitable, especially if it is a book, you will also need to focus on the following features in addition to those mentioned above:

　　 Edition and date of publication

　　 Table of contents

　　 Foreword 　　 Introduction

　　 Index

　　3 Scanning

　　When you scan a text, again you look quickly through it. However, unlike skimming, scanning involves looking for specific words, scanning involves rapid reading for the specific rather than the general; for particular details rather than the overall idea. When you read a text, for example, you may want to find only a percentage figure or the dates of particular historical events instead of the main ideas. Scanning will help you find such information more efficiently.