A类雅思阅读考点解析：词与同义替换

　　雅思学术类阅读包含三篇写作方式多样的文章，总计长度约在2000到2750字之间，考生需要在60分钟内解答40道题目，平均1.5分钟就要解决一道题，在答题时间上要求还是比较高的，因此掌握一定的词汇量和做题技巧是非常有必要的。此外，文章选材范围广泛，题型多样化，专业术语时常出现，这让很多考生对雅思阅读失去了信心。为了能够在拥有一定词汇量的基础上快速提高雅思阅读，这就要求我们要深入了解雅思阅读的考点所在。本系列文章中，专家将从单词与词组出发探讨雅思阅读的同义替换词考点所在。

　　一、纯粹的单词考点

　　雅思文章的内容包含教育，科技，人文，生物，历史等等。如果想要在短时间内理解一篇文章的大致意思，考生还是要具备一定的词汇量的。一般说来考生要具备6000-8000个单词，核心词汇也要掌握5000左右，否则在考试中考查纯粹单词的题目中，因单词不认识而导致的失分会很可惜。例如：

　　1. C5T1P1 It took into account subtleties of meaning.

　　解析：subtlety意为细微的差别，微妙之处，如果单词认识的话，很快与文中的Johnson treated English very practically, as a living language, with different shades of meaning. 对应上，意思是作者都考虑到了单词意思的细微之处。

　　2. C5T1P3 Environmentalists take a pessimistic view of the world for a number of reasons.

　　解析：根据Environmentalists我们可以定位到原文信息For many environmentalists, the world seems to be getting worse. 如果不知道pessimistic是悲观的的意思，不能与getting worse对应上，就无法判断这道题为YES。

　　3. C6T4P1 It is legitimate for drug companies to make money.

　　解析：Legitimate意为合法的，合情合理的，与文中信息Pharmaceutical companies have every right to make a profit.相匹配，在此right为权利的意思，故答案为YES.

　　4. C6T4P3 What were the findings of research carried out in Norway?

　　A. Bullying declined by 50% after an anti-bullying campaign.

　　B. Twenty-one schools reduced bullying as a result of an anti-bullying campaign.

　　C. Two years is the optimum length for an anti-bullying campaign.

　　D. Bullying is a less serious problems in Norway than in the UK.

　　解析：通过Norway定位到原文In Norway, after an intervention campaign was introduced nationally, an evaluation of forty-two schools suggested that, over a two-year period ,bullying was halved. 意思为：在挪威，经过一次全国范围的干预运动之后，对42所学校的一项评估显示，在两年多的时间内欺凌行为减少了一半。在教学中笔者发现很多同学不知道optimum是最佳的，最理想的意思，因此误选C。虽然有些学生也不知道anti-bullying campaign是什么意思，但是三个选项中都出现了因此不会造成太大干扰，同学有可能会把它与intervention campaign对应起来。但是如果看不出halve是将.....减半的意思，就很难与正确选项A中突然出现的50%对应起来。

　　5. C7T2P1 Shuzo Ishida performs experiments in order to

　　A. improve skyscraper design.

　　B. be able to build mew pagodas.

　　C. learn about dynamics of pagodas.

　　D. understand ancient mathematics.

　　解析：根据人名Shuzo Ishida定位到文中：Mr Ishida, known to his students as Professor Pagoda because of his passion to understand the pagoda,has built a series of models and tested them on a shake-table in his laboratory. 如果不理解perform experiment是做实验的意思，就不会与文中的in his laboratory联系起来，如果不认识dynamics, 就很难跟shake-table对应上，dynamics意为动力学，动态，力度，正确选项为C, 而在教学中笔者发现由于单词不认识，一些学生凭借想象最终误选B。

　　6. C8T2P1 The metal used in the float process had to have specific properties.

　　解析：根据metal和float process定位到文中第三段第五行The metal had to metal at a temperature less than the hardening point of glass, but could not boil at a temperature below the temperature of the molten glass. The best metal for the job was tin. 文中详细表达了用于制作玻璃时金属的要求，对熔点和沸点都有特殊的要求，最适合的金属就是锡，显然有特定的属性。而题目中的properties不认识，导致这题误选NG。

　　二、多变的同义替换考点

　　同义替换在雅思阅读考点中为核心考点，几乎所有题型都有考查对文中意思转换与正确答案匹配的能力，因此同义替换所展示出来的并非是单单的同义或近义词组的替换，还有词组以及结构上的替换。

　　词与词的替换

　　词与词的替换包括同义词和近义词以及前缀的变化，目的就是考查考生是否有迅速把两个相近的单词意思联系起来的能力，也就是考查快速提取信息的能力。

　　1. C4T1P1 It has been suggested that child hold mistaken views about the pure science that they study at school. 根据pure定位到文中第二段第一行Many studies have shown that children harbour misconceptions about pure science, curriculum science. 短短一句话我们可以发现有三组四处同义替换，分别为suggested-shown; hold-harbour; mistaken views-misconceptions; science that they study at school-curriculum science. 因此答案为TRUE。

　　2. C4T4P1 John S. Raglin believes our current knowledge of athletics is

　　A. mistaken

　　B. basic

　　C. diverse

　　D. theoretical

　　解析：根据人名John S. Raglin定位到文中最后一段 Once you study athletics, you learn that its a vexingly complex issue,says John S. Raglin, a sports psychologist at Indiana University. Core performance is not a simple or mundane thing of higher, faster, longer......., and our understanding in many cases is fundamental. Fundamental为basic的近义词，意为基础的，基本的，初步的。

　　3. C5T4P3 Some types of bird can be encouraged to breed out of season.

　　解析：根据名词bird定位到文中第二段第七行For example, some species of birds breeding can be induced even in the midwinter simply by increasing day length artificially. 题目与原文的句子结构一致，只是替换了个别单词，types换成了species; encouraged换成了induced, 很显然答案为TRUE。

　　词性的变化

　　词性的变化是指用同一个单词的不同形式来暗示答案的出处。

　　1. C5T2P2 _________become active too.

　　解析：只有三个单词，去掉系动词become和副词too, 只能拿active作为考点来去解题，根据句子结构来看，空格处缺少一个主语，同时要注意的是如果是可数名词作主语的话，一般用复数。根据上下文定位到文中的But there was also activity in the temporal lobes at the side of the head and in many other brain areas.很容易把active与activity对应上，用too替换also, 句子用there be句型引出，很容易看出答案为temporal lobes。

　　2. C6T2P2 This is largely due to developments in medicine, but other factors such as improved _____may also play a part.

　　解析：根据文章的上下文我们可以定位到文中But there may be other contributing factors.Improvements in childhood nutrition in the first quarter of the twentieth century, for example, gave todays elderly people a better start in life than their predecessors.很显然improved与improvement是词性转化，空格应该填一个名词，答案为nutrition.

　　3. C6T3P3 Theory 1: cells less damaged by disease because fewer_____ are emitted.

　　解析：根据Theory 1定位到文中One possibility relates to the ATP-making machinerys emission of free radicals. 找出词性转化，便得出答案为free radicals。

　　单词与词组和词组与词组的替换

　　此替换考查学生对近义词组的转化能力。

　　1. C5T2P1 There were several reasons for the research into plastics in the nineteenth century, among them the great advances that had been made in the field of _____and the search for alternatives to natural resources like ivory.

　　解析：根据nineteenth century定位到文中第二段......The impetus behind the development of these early plastics was generated by a number of factors- immense technological progress in the domain of chemistry,.......其中，in the field of意思等同于in the domain of在....领域，因此答案为chemistry。

　　2. C6T1P3 In recent years, many of them have been obliged to give up their _____ lifestyle, but they continue to depend mainly on _____ for their food and clothes.

　　解析：根据上下文定位到文中Over the past 40 years, most have abandoned their nomadic ways and settled in the territorys 18 isolated communities, but they still rely heavily on nature to provide food and clothing. 本题的替换很明显也很简单，因为大多数同学都认识abandon, 更知道give up是放弃的意思，属于单词与词组的替换，因此第一个空填nomadic, lifestyle生活方式与ways替换，depend mainly on与rely heavily on属于词组与词组的替换，意为依赖......，答案为nature。

　　3. C6T4P3 Playground supervision will be more effective if members of staff are trained to recognise the difference between bullying and mere______.

　　解析：根据上下文定位到文中E段最后Work in the playground is important, too. One helpful step is to train lunchtime supervisors to distinguish bullying from playful fighting.题中句型为recognise the difference between A and B区分A与B, 文中句型为distinguish A from B, 同义，答案为playful fighting。

　　主动语态和被动语态的转化

　　1. C5T1P1 As a reward for his hard work, he was granted a _____ by the king.

　　解析：根据the king定位到文中最后一段The Dictionary, together with his other writing, made Johnson famous and so well esteemed that his friends were able to prevail upon King George III to offer him a pension. 被动语态的基本结构：主语+be+动词过去分词+by, 与文中主动语态对应上，答案为pension养老金，退休金。

　　2. C7T1P1 Radar is an inaccurate term when referring to bats because _____ are not used in their navigation system.

　　解析：根据上下文定位到文中It is technically incorrect to talk about bat radar, since they do not use radio waves. 很显然被动语态的主语在文中为主动语态的宾语，答案为radio waves。

　　以上就是雅思为大家整理的A类雅思阅读考点解析：词与同义替换，非常实用。更多资讯、资料尽在雅思。最后，雅思预祝大家在雅思考试中取得好成绩！