为了避免重复,使语言简练紧凑,在不损害句子结构或引起误解的情况下,往往省略一个或多个句子成分或词语。
I.简单句中的省略
不定式to的省略
所有格之后的名词为住宅、商店、I矿、门诊、教堂等时,可以省略
Shes going to the barbers.
I happened to meet him at the tailors.
独立主格结构中分词。如果为being或having been时可以省略。
The meetingover,we all left the room.
Toolscarried,we went on our way to the fields.
感叹句中的省略:
What a day !
What a pretty girl !
How beautiful!
表示某种性质的介词口用于疑问代词what之前可以省略o
what trade is he?
What size is your coat?
祈使句中的主语省略:
Name three different kinds of matter.
Work hard next time,and you will succeed.
Use your head,and you will find a way.
Ⅱ.并列句中的省略
在并列句中,后一个句子有时可以省略跟前面句子中相同的部分
Matters consist of molecules,and moleculesd atoms.
Tom is writing his term paper,but John isnt.
We frequently regard gases as compressible,liquids as incompressible.
在并列句中,第二句用neither/nor/so引出时,出现省略;neither/nor/so还可以引起倒装。
He didnt fear new ideas,nor did he fear the future.
试比较
I went to the movie last night.一So did I
Did Alice learn Spanish in high school?一I think so
Ⅲ.从句中的省略
宾语从句中的省略:
1)以which/where/when/how/why等引起的宾语从句,在其谓语动词与主句谓语动词相同时,其后的主语和谓语可全部省略,而仅保留一个wh-词。
She cant come,but 1 wonder why.
He will be back,I dont know when.
Please hand me one of those books,I dont care which.
2)在Im afraid,I believe,I expect,I fancy,I fear,I hope,I imagine,I should,I should say,I suppose,I think,I trust之后的not等于一个否定的that从句,so等于一个肯定的that从句。
Is he sick一I am afraid so.
Will it rain tomorrow?一I hope not.
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