《剑桥雅思真题集V》收录的文章一贯被雅思教学者作为认识雅思考试平均难度的题目,可见其具备充分的典型性,尤其是Test 4. 虽然这些文章的时效性并不强,是题库中的比较老的资料,属于自06年以来较少重现的内容,但对考生来讲,作为考前模拟冲刺的训练,却有很大的帮助。
总体来讲,该套题体现的难度不大,对考生不具备太大的挑战。其中即便是在话题看来略微专业,可能会具备难度的Passage 2: Flawed Beauty: the problem with toughened glass 的题型中,最具难度系数的Questions 14-17: List of Statements 中,也并未体现出特别的难度;而三篇文章中都出现的T / F / NG 也没有在信息定位方面显得过难。
下面将就Test 4 中常出现的难点做一解析,希望和各位雅思教学和研究者们探讨。
在Passage 1的Questions 4-9中 :
8. Traditional food-gathering in desert societies was distributed evenly over the year.
显然,判断的主体是food-gathering, 而考点应该是evenly. 如果考生按照关键词food-gathering 去原文中定位,可能会先找到本段第二句位于Line 4 的内容:
However, as some inhabitants become involved in tourism, they no longer have time to collect wild food;
看起来定位很快,可是接着读下去就发现不能找到和题目对应的信息,这意味着无法作答。事实上,该题目的信息在文中分布的位置较好地遵循了顺序原则,在Section B 的第二段可以看到首句:
In Arctic and desert societies, year-round survival has traditionally depended on hunting animals and fish and collecting fruit over a relatively short season.
我们注意到,food 已经被代换得了无痕迹,变换成许多具体代表food 的内容:animals, fish fruit. 而位于句末的short season 则巧妙地说明猎取食物是集中在相对较短的几个月里,以此来维持全年的生计,这和题目中evenly 的表述是背离的,因而答案是 NO.
在雅思阅读文章中,这种巧妙代换并不在少数。笔者对学生进行的雅思模拟练习中,有这样一篇谈论催眠的文章:Hypnosis. 在多项选择题中,其中一个得题干为:
Q: After surgery, hypnosis may be used _______________
A. to make drugs unnecessary
B. to keep the patient mobile
C. to make the patient forget to move
D. to minimise patients discomfort while immobile
大多数同学几乎会很自然地将surgery 定位为关键词,期待来定位。但是来到原文中出现surgery 的地方:Thus deep hypnosis can be induced to allow anaesthesia for surgery, childbirth or dentistry. 发现和题干中的after surgery 并没有联系;继续寻找才发现真正定位的内容是Physicians, 这两个看上去完全不等同的词成功地实现了代换,因为文章中讲到,患者在接受了外科手术后转入内科医生的治疗。
在本套题的Passage 2 中, Questions 14-17 是人名配对题目,我们一道来讨论下Questions 14 15:
14. Brian Waldron
15. Trevor Ford
List of Statements
A. suggests that publicity about nickel sulphide failure has been suppressed
G. claims that nickel sulphide failure is very unusual
按人名搜索,在Paragraph 2出现了Brian Waldron, 在随后的言论中,But he insists that cases are few and far between. s a very rare phenomenon he says.
虽然出现了和unusual 代换的rare, 但是否是nickel sulphide不得而知,这时追根溯源,直至上一段,才看到:... they found that minute crystals of nickel sulphide trapped inside the glass had almost certainly caused the failure. 至此方能确定答案为:G.
Q15: statement 和原文中的信息代换成为判断正误的焦点,再次体现阅读中Substitution的力量。原文Paragraph 3中出现了人名Trevor Ford:
What you hear is only the tip of the iceberg, says Trevor Ford, ... .
He believes the reason is simple: No-one wants bad press. 一语道出没有人愿意被媒体做负面报道,其含义可认为与A 选项相同,为答案。
通过的分析,考生可以清楚地感受到,在应对题目时不仅需要考生有扎实的语言功底,还需要有近义词的储备,适当的联想,以及足够的耐心,烤鸭们应该在备考时对这些有充分的认识,避免盲目崇拜技巧,错失方向。
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