Summary completion 即归纳摘要填空题,是雅思考试阅读模块的常考题型。该题型主要考察考生快速阅读的能力及对原文的内容进行诠释的能力,这不仅需要考生对原文的内容有准确把握,还需要其运用一定的综合概括能力,将原文和给出的摘要进行对照,快速提取原文中的对应信息。
在雅思考试中它主要有两种命题形式:一种是填空式,这种形式是针对文章中部分段落或全文写出一篇摘要,其中留出若干个空格,由考生根据通读文章后的个人理解从文章中寻找对应的单词进行填空;另一种是选项式,即在第一种类型的基础上,题目提供可选择的词库,考生在理解文章的基础上从词库中选择恰当的词汇进行填空。选项式Summary completion又分为单一词性和多种词性两种,前一小类难度较大,无法进行语法的筛选,而后者则可根据词性进行语法上的逻辑判断,以缩小选项的范围。
应对Summary completion题型时,需要采取以下策略:
一,仔细阅读题目说明,确定Summary所覆盖的文章范围是全篇还是其中一部分。是需要自己从原文中挑选单词填空,还是有备用词库可选择。如果是从原文中选词,则限定最多字数是多少;如果有被选项,则可否重复选择。
二,略读Summary获得大意,并通过文章的首句及末句确定其在原文中的起始及终结位置。
三,对Summary中的空格所填信息通过语法结构进行预测,比如词性,单复数等;同时在空格前后标出信号词帮助在原文中定位相关信息。
四,快速扫读原文,利用空格前后的信号词定位答案所在位置。
五,精读定位后的答案所在语句,对照Summary中的对应信息,运用词汇及语法知识确定应填写的答案。
下面以剑四test1中Visual Symbols and the Blind后的一道Summary completion题型为例,来看如何解决这种题型。
题目如下:
Complete the summary below using words from the box.
Write your answers in boxes 33-39 on your answer sheet.
NB You may use any word more than once.
In the experiment described in Part 2, a set of word---- 33_____ was used to investigate whether blind and sighted people perceived the symbolism in abstract 34_____
in the same way. Subjects were asked which word fitted best with a circle and which with a square. From the 35_____ volunteers, everyone thought a circle fitted soft
while a square fitted hard. However, only 51% of the 36______ volunteers assigned a circle to 37_____ . When the test was repeated later with 38______ volunteers, it was found that they made 39______ choices.
associations blind deep hard
hundred identical pairs shapes
sighted similar shallow soft
words
通过阅读题目说明及审题,我们知道该题属于summary 题型中选项式的多种词性选项型。并且有NB提示有些选项可以重复选择。然后略读summary , 从其首句中Part 2 可知,此summary 内容只覆盖原文的第二部分,内容主要涉及研究盲人和正常人相关的感受某方面符号的差异的一次试验。接下来我们对空格的语法属性进行预测得知空格33、34、37,而35、36、38、39则可能是形容词。同时我们用铅笔标出空格前后的信号词。接下来利用信号词进入原文进行信息定位,下面是针对每一题的定位词及其定位到的原文中的语句:
33.a set of word----------a list of twenty pairs of words
34.Symbolism/abstract ---the symbolism behind shapes such as hearts
/the blind interpret abstract shapes --
35.subject/volunteers/circle/soft--sighted subjects/all our subjects
36.51%------------------------------sighted subjects
37.51%/circle to-------51% linked deep to circle and shallow to square
38.test/volunteers-----When we tested four totally blind volunteers using the same list
39.choices----their choices closely resembled those made by the sighted subjects.
经过对应summary的语句进行推敲,可以确定答案33.pairs 34.shapes 35.sighted 36.sighted 37.deep 38.blind 39.similar
需要提醒各位考生的是,空格前后的定位词很重要,一般名词性质的词相对稳定,特别是专有名词、时间名词、人名、地名、数字及百分比、金钱符号等,特殊印刷体及标点。而在该题中,以上所列项目中只出现了百分比,但是没有关系,我们仍然可以通过空格前后的部分重要名词对答案进行定位,当然这时候还要注意雅思阅读中出现的多样性原则,如33题的a set of word对应到原文中就变成了a list of twenty pairs of words,既体现同义词多样性;而38题中定位名词test到原文中则以动词形式tested出现,体现了词性多样性;37题中volunteers assigned a circle to deep在原文中51% linked Deep to circle则体现了句型结构多样性。综上所述,我们在具体处理Summary completion
这种题型时,一定要充分娴熟的运用以上技巧,同时亦不可忽视略读、扫读、精读这些基本阅读技巧的训练,只有两手抓,两手都要硬,才可以在雅思阅读的战场上快速高效的攻克Summary completion的碉堡。
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