雅思阅读真题模拟练习
本系列的模拟试题在难度、长度、题材、题型方面都与雅思考试近似的练习。这些练习,均以国外报刊上的文章为素材,按雅思阅读的题型,出题并提供答案及简单注释。欢迎大家积极使用。
Rogue theory of smell gets a boost
1.A controversial theory of how we smell, which claims that our fine sense of odour depends on quantum mechanics, has been given the thumbs up by a team of physicists.
2.Calculations by researchers at University College London show that the idea that we smell odour molecules by sensing their molecular vibrations makes sense in terms of the physics involved.
3.Thats still some way from proving that the theory, proposed in the mid-1990s by biophysicist Luca Turin, is correct. But it should make other scientists take the idea more seriously.
4.This is a big step forward, says Turin, who has now set up his own perfume company Flexitral in Virginia. He says that since he published his theory, it has been ignored rather than criticized.
5.Most scientists have assumed that our sense of smell depends on receptors in the nose detecting the shape of incoming molecules, which triggers a signal to the brain. This molecular lock and key process is thought to lie behind a wide range of the bodys detection systems: it is how some parts of the immune system recognise invaders, for example, and how the tongue recognizes some tastes.
6.But Turin argued that smell doesnt seem to fit this picture very well. Molecules that look almost identical can smell very different such as alcohols, which smell like spirits, and thiols, which smell like rotten eggs. And molecules with very different structures can smell similar. Most strikingly, some molecules can smell different to animals, if not necessarily to humans simply because they contain different isotopes .
7.Turins explanation for these smelly facts invokes the idea that the smell signal in olfactory receptor proteins is triggered not by an odour molecules shape, but by its vibrations, which can enourage an electron to jump between two parts of the receptor in a quantum-mechanical process called tunnelling. This electron movement could initiate the smell signal being sent to the brain.
8.This would explain why isotopes can smell different: their vibration frequencies are changed if the atoms are heavier. Turins mechanism, says Marshall Stoneham of the UCL team, is more like swipe-card identification than a key fitting a lock.
9.Vibration-assisted electron tunnelling can undoubtedly occur it is used in an experimental technique for measuring molecular vibrations. The question is whether this is possible in the nose, says Stonehams colleague, Andrew Horsfield.
10.Stoneham says that when he first heard about Turins idea, while Turin was himself based at UCL, I didnt believe it. But, he adds, because it was an interesting idea, I thought I should prove it couldnt work. I did some simple calculations, and only then began to feel Luca could be right. Now Stoneham and his co-workers have done the job more thoroughly, in a paper soon to be published in Physical Review Letters.
11.The UCL team calculated the rates of electron hopping in a nose receptor that has an odorant molecule bound to it. This rate depends on various properties of the biomolecular system that are not known, but the researchers could estimate these parameters based on typical values for molecules of this sort.
12.The key issue is whether the hopping rate with the odorant in place is significantly greater than that without it. The calculations show that it is which means that odour identification in this way seems theoretically possible.
13.But Horsfield stresses that thats different from a proof of Turins idea. So far things look plausible, but we need proper experimental verification. Were beginning to think about what experiments could be performed.
14.Meanwhile, Turin is pressing ahead with his hypothesis. At Flexitral we have been designing odorants exclusively on the basis of their computed vibrations, he says. Our success rate at odorant discovery is two orders of magnitude better than the competition. At the very least, he is putting his money where his nose is.
Questions 1-4 Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage? Please write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the writer
FALSE if the statement does not agree with the writer
NOT GIVEN if there is no information about this in the passage
1.The result of the study at UCL agrees with Turins theory.
2.The study at UCL could conclusively prove what Luca Turin has hypothesized.
3.Turin left his post at UCL and started his own business because his theory was ignored.
4.The molecules of alcohols and those of thiols look alike.
Questions 5-9 Complete the sentences below with words from the passage. Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
5.The hypothesis that we smell by sensing the molecular vibration was made by ______.
6.Turins company is based in ______.
7.Most scientists believed that our nose works in the same way as our ______.
8.Different isotopes can smell different when ______ weigh differently.
9.According to Audrew Horsfield, it is still to be proved that ______ could really occur in human nose.
Question 10-12 Answer the questions below using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.
10.Whats the name of the researcher who collaborated with Stoneham?
11.What is the next step of the UCL teams study?
12.What is the theoretical basis in designing odorants in Turins company?
Answer Keys and Explanations
1.T 见第一段。give sth the thumbs up为接受的意思。
2.F 见第三段。Thats still some way from proving that the theory, proposed in the mid-1990s by biophysicist Luca Turin, is correct.意即现在尚无法证实生物物理学家Luca在九十年代中期提出的理论是否正确。
3.NG
4.T 见第六段Molecules that look almost identical can smell very different such as alcohols, which smell like spirits, and thiols, which smell like rotten eggs.identical一词是完全相同的意思。这句话是说alcohols和thiols的分子结构看起来一样,但是它们的味道却相去甚远。
5.Luca Turin 文章第二,三和七段均可看出Luca的理论即人类的鼻子是通过感觉气味分子的震动来分辨气味的。
6.Virginia 见第四段。
7.tongue 见第五段This molecular lock and key process is thought to lie behind a wide range of the bodys detection systems: it is how some parts of the immune system recognise invaders, for example, and how the tongue recognizes some tastes.
8.the atoms 见第八段This would explain why isotopes can smell different: their vibration frequencies are changed if the atoms are heavier.
9.vibration-assisted electron tunneling 见第九段The question is whether this is possible in the nose, says Stonehams colleague, Andrew Horsfield.句中的代词this指句首的vibration-assisted electron tunneling。
10.Andrew Horsfield 见第九段结尾。
11.proper experimental verification 见第十三段。
12.their computed vibrations 见第十四段
英女王亲民访闹市 小伙“胆肥”欲自拍
生活艰难,韩国老人走上卖淫之路
职场丛林生存指南 拼智力还是拼努力
国外球迷辣评:纵使有国际足联撑腰,巴西也别想夺冠!
互联网不是你的个人相册:保护儿童照片免遭滥用
你健康吗?医生告诉你指甲揭示健康的秘密
耐克Vs.阿迪达斯 得世界杯者得天下
2017年为什么还不是可穿戴设备年
爱的代价?研究称谈恋爱会损失两个好友
《里约大冒险》蓝鹦鹉原型去世
澳大利亚:MH370乘客疑为窒息致死
印度集体童婚 7岁女童嫁16岁男孩
英女王50年只穿一款鞋 每双一千镑
墨镜为何让人更酷?
针对女性树立自信心的六条建议
时尚极简主义:十件衣服过一年
励志!南非流浪汉拒绝乞讨以卖书为生
如何匿名浏览网页?
2017世界杯:门票昂贵 巴西观众多为白人富人
哈里王子到访智利 与残障儿童大跳江南style
面试背后的秘密:7分钟定第一印象
英女王情有独钟 鞋款50年不变
还在用密码和手势锁屏? 试试更安全的涂鸦吧
10招教你应对粗鲁的人
动力来啦:讲外语7大优势,动动大脑更健康
谷歌推Android电视抢占客厅战略制高点
发照片 做外星人认识的第一个地球人
支付宝联手美国在线支付公司Stripe掘金海淘电商市场
英国工人中奖成千万富翁 奢华旅游不忘做义工
女性最完美鼻子:鼻尖微翘 成106度角
不限 |
英语教案 |
英语课件 |
英语试题 |
不限 |
不限 |
上册 |
下册 |
不限 |