雅思阅读两大发明在于判误题和配对题(尤以中心思想的配对即List of Heading),这是中国考生所头痛的,也是指导老师最困惑的。
然而,任何事物都有其一定的规律,就判误题(True, False, Not Given)而言,正确(True or Yes)必然有其两大特点:(一)直接型,(二)推论型。所谓直接型就是所出的试题与原文内容基本一致,只是在同义词或词性上作了适当的变动。仅举一例,原文是:He always comes back at 9 in the evening.而试题则以:He never turns back before 9 in the evening.在此老外摆了一个小噱头,即:副词always和never(从不)对换了一下位置,其次是come back(回家)以另一种形式表达turn back(回家)显而易见,这是一个直接型的考题。所谓推论型就是在原文的基础上,试题中稍稍作了一些推测。例如:Its so strange why he doesnt come yet now.(今天可怪了,他到现在还没来。)试题可能会以这种形式:According to the passage, it is likely to know that he never comes late.(根据题意,有可能得知他从没迟到过。)
错误题(False或No)也有两大特点,即:排斥型和既定型。所谓排斥型就是试题与原文不符,例如,原文为:At least 500 students came to this school for IELTS training last year.(去年至少有500名学生来学校进行雅思培训。)试题为:Maximumly, 500 students went to this school for IELTS study.(去年去这个学校学雅思的学生最多也就是500人。)这里就是一个典型的排斥错误题。
再则,限定型错误。例如,原文为:You can either hand over your assignment this afternoon or tomorrow morning.(你们可以今天下午或明天上午交作业。)而试题则设了限定:You must hand in your homework today.(你们必须在今天交作业。)
未提及题(Not Given or Insufficient Evidence)的特征有二:(一)未知型,(二)包含型。
未知型号即我们所说的画蛇添足,以例为证,原文为:I met a beautiful young girl at the campus this morning.(今天上午在校园遇到了一位漂亮女郎。)而试题则以:I met a charming girl, whose name is Susan, a 20-year-old one.(今天上午我在校园遇到妙龄女郎是20岁的苏珊。)在此,我们不难看出,后半段是制造了一个具体的新概念。
包含型则类似我们中文的自说自话,例如:Most students in this school got 6 bands in IELTS Test both in Nanjing and Shanghai.(原意是:这个学校的大多数学生在南京和上海都考了雅思6分。)而试题为:Mr. Jeffson also got 6 bands among these students.(杰佛逊先生也考了6分。)在此,我们无法正确判断出是否杰佛逊也属于在这大多数人之中,因此,此题为包含型,或许是,也许不是。
综上所述,在判误题中,培养考生严谨的逻辑思维是每个指导教师的首要任务,缺乏逻辑思维的老师是很难培养出高分阅读学子的。
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