王楠楠:雅思阅读中,被动语态有哪几类特殊用法

　　被动语态是由助动词be+过去分词构成的。这里的be既要表示出与主语的人称和数一致，也要表示出时、体的形式。被动语态有几种特殊用法。

　　主动形式表示被动意义

　　1)常见的这类动词有：act，add up，clean，compare，count，cook，draw，fill，iron，keep，let，look，make up，milk，kill，open，photograph，prove，read，sell，smoke，spoil等。

　　The window wont open.

　　The cow milks well.

　　Damp wood will not fire.

　　She doesnt photograph well.

　　His judgment proved wrong.

　　The banana peels easily.

　　Flies kill easily in autumn.

　　It turned out fine that day.

　　How did his coat catch on a nail?

　　2)实用动词need/want/deserve/require +V-ing形式表示被动意义。

　　My hair needs cutting。.

　　The bike wants repairing.

　　It doesnt deserve mentioning.

　　Hamlet is required reading for the course.

　　3)一些固定句型如：be worth doing sth. have/get sth.done，以及to be under+抽象名词等表示被动意义：

　　Beijing is a big city in China and worth visiting.

　　Mr..Wilson had his wallet stolen the day before yesterday.。

　　The bike is underrepair.

　　This tape recorder is in use.

　　4)一些不定式的主动态表示被动意义：

　　①There be句型：

　　There are a lot of things to do.

　　There is nothing to worry about.

　　②不定式修饰want, have等动词的宾语，而句中的主语同时又不是不定式的逻辑主语时：

　　I want some clothes to wash.

　　Do you have anything to say for yourself?

　　③不定式修饰buy，get，give等动词的直接宾语，而句中的间接宾语又是不定式的逻辑主语时：

　　His sister gave him a bike to ride.

　　My father get me a book to read.

　　5)少数动词的进行时，有时表示被动意义：

　　Her works are printing.

　　The drum is beating.

　　My new house is building.

　　It is+V-ed+that-结构表示被动

　　常用的这类结构有：it is said thatIt is supposed thatIt is well known thatIt is believed thatIt is reported thatIt is hoped thatIt is generally considered that1twill be seen thatIt must be admitted thatIt must be pointed out that等。