王楠楠:雅思阅读中非谓语动词主要类型总结

　　Ⅰ动词不定式： 动词不定式的时态和语态 1)构成：构成：

　　主动态：一般式to do;完成式to have done;进行式to be doing;完成进行式to have been doing

　　被动态：一般式to be done;完成式 to have been done

　　否定式：not+不定式

　　2)不定式的时态：

　　①不定式的一般式表示的动作与主句谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或之后发生。

　　He seems to know her address.

　　I hope to see you again.

　　②不定式的进行体表示的动作正在进行，与主句谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。其用法主要有以下几种情况：

　　a 常用在appear，happen，pretend，seem，hope，promise之后。

　　She pretended to be listening attentively.

　　Tom appeared to be living in this area.

　　I hope to be earning my living in a years time.

　　I promised to be waiting at the door when he came out.

　　b 常用在believe，consider，suppose，think，know，report，say，understand等动词的被动式之后。

　　He is thought/known/believed/said/supposed to be living in this area = People think/know/ believe/ say/suppose that she is living abroad.

　　be supposed to通常含有应该意思，表示一定的责任和义务。

　　You are supposed to know how to use a computer=You should know how to use a computer.

　　You are supposed to have been studying=You should have been studying.

　　Students are not supposed to cook in their dormitory=Students shouldnt cook in their dormitory.

　　3)不定式的完成体：

　　①用于表达发生在主句谓语动词之前的动作或状态，也可以表达预计在将来某一时刻之前完成的动作或状态。

　　I am sorry to have given you so much trouble.

　　Were leaving at five oclock in the morning，and hope to have done most of the journey by lunchtime.

　　②不定式完成进行体主要用于appear，seem，happen，pretend等之后，也可用于believe，know，report，say，understand等动词的被动式之后。

　　He appears to have been waiting for a long time.

　　He is believed to have been waiting for a message.

　　不定式的完成进行体与不定式的完成体略有不同，试比较：

　　He seems to have eaten the apples.

　　He seems to have been eating the apples.

　　③不定式的完成体还可以表达本该发生却未发生的事情常带这种不定式的谓语动词有：pretend，intend， appear，seem，should like，expect等。