雅思高效段落阅读:功能段落（一）

　　1. 段落类型与篇章把握

　　段落是篇章的主体结构，是作者观点的主要表现单位。一篇结构严谨的文章，其内部的不同段落承担了不同的表达功能，如说明性文章中有段落来阐明现象，做出定义;而议论性文章中我们常常读到大量事实及数据占据主要篇幅的例证类型的段落。这些都是一个概念功能段落的具体体现。熟悉这些段落的基本特征并在此基础上进行快速判断和预测，能有效提高雅思考试中应试者的阅读效率和准确性。

　　2. 段落阅读：各种功能段落

　　Contrast Comparison型段落

　　比较和对比型段落多用于说明性文章。它的特点是通过对两个或更多的对象进行比较或对照，陈述它们的异同，从而说明作者的观点，引出结论。作者根据写作目的需要来分配笔墨的轻重稀浓。对于论述对象的描述有的平起平坐，有的则有所侧重。

　　Example 1：

　　The pure or theoretical scientist does original research in order to understand the basic laws of nature that govern our world. The applied scientist adapts this knowledge to practical problems. Neither is more important than the other, however, for the two groups are very much related.

　　由此段可知：作者无意厚此薄彼。首先分别介绍理论科学家和应用科学家的不同工作领域，然后指出他们是同等重要、相互依存。所以此段基本属于平起平坐一类。

　　Example 2：

　　At the University of Kansas art museum, investigators tested the effects of different colored walls on two groups of visitors to an exhibit of paintings. For the first group, the room was painted white, for the second, dark brown. The experiment revealed that those who entered the dark brown room walked more quickly, covered more area, and spent less time in the room than the people in the white environment. Dark brown stimulated more activity, but the activity ended sooner.

　　这一段便属于有所侧重的一类。作者指出实验在白、棕两种颜色的房间进行，但大多笔墨都用于描述深棕色房间对于人们刺激而带来多动行为的事实，并在说明中采用了一些含比较级的句子，这样白房间里的实验结论便不言而喻了。

　　对比、比较类段落的布局大致有三种：先比较，后结论，Example 1便是此类;先主题句子，再比较，后结论，Example 2属此类;第三类是先结论，后比较，下面的例子较典型。

　　Example 3：

　　Colors do influence our moods; there is no doubt about it. A yellow room makes most people feel more cheerful and more relaxed than a dark green one; and a red dress brings warmth and cheer to the saddest winter day. On the other hand, black is depressing