看了从听力中学的口语文章,有感而发写了这篇阅读中的写作经。说有感而发,是因为每每在阅读课堂上看到可以为写作所用的亮点,无论是一个简单的小词,还是一个个性化的句式,我总会告诉学生整理下来;每每在写作课给学生评析作文时,总会把阅读中的经典用词、经典论述引用过来作为课堂资料。所以,通过几年的阅读写作教学实践,深切地体会了很多时候把阅读写作交由一个老师来讲的初衷了。在此,索性把写作课上的阅写相互引用的思路略作整理,希望能抛砖引玉,对各位烤鸭有所帮助。
一、遣词造句经
首先,我们来看雅思阅读文章中的一个句子:
A prevalent attitude amongst many nurses was that there was no reward or recognition for not utilising the paid sick leave entitlement allowed them in their employment conditions.
在写作课上,我曾经把这个句子中文翻译给学生,然后让他们译成英文,结果,prevalent在中国学生的笔下90%都会变成popular,; reward or recognition 也十有八九变成了benefits;a prevalent attitude amongstwas that,在中国学生笔下几乎全部变成了老掉牙的many nurses think that。在我们痛恨老外给的写作分越来越低的时候,是否也该反思一下我们的用词太过千篇一律了呢?比如,我们特别喜欢用动词来引出观点。可是不知道大家是否关注过雅思阅读文章中think的使用频率,在英文文章里,think一词即便是用,也是被细化成了agree,recommend,claim,要么人家就直接让它绝迹了,用名词或短语取而代之。
同一阅读文章中有例为证:
Similar attitudes have been noted by James, who noted that sick leave is seen by many workers as a right, like annual holiday leave.
乘胜追击,看看我的一位英语基础尚可的学生笔下的文字:
James also found that many workers thought that sick leave was their rights, like annual holiday leave.
单从词性的多样化来讲,这位学生的文字就有些逊色了,更何况雅思作文还要求词和句的多样化呢?!
遣词造句之我见:
1、词的多样化要靠以下几种方式来实现,
1)以词根为基础变换词性,如变benefit 为beneficial, beneficially
2)以词性为基础变词形,如变benefit 为recognition , reward
3)以词意为基础变词性、词形,如变think为 attitude,view,belief, note, claim, thought等
4)以常用表达为基础追求个性化表达,如从阅读中学习including, from to, 以及各种表示解释说明关系的标点如:括号、冒号、破折号等等。
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