雅思官方公布的阅读考试宗旨中,明确说明了对从文章中搜索细节的能力和把握主旨大意的能力的考察。综观雅思阅读十大题型的特点,无不可以归结为对这两点的考核。本文中,专家将对雅思阅读中的陷阱进行探讨,这些陷阱其实就是由于考生对细节的把握不够到位,从而跌入了貌似正确的错误选项或干扰答案的陷阱。
陷阱的种类亦有若干,下面仅以其中3例进行说明,均由忽略题目中的信息所致,希望能充分提示考生注重细节阅读的重要性,避免错误。
考生在审题时,无论是出于时间的要求还是在接受培训时来自于老师的授意,都会有意无意地将更多的注意力放在题目中一些特别关键的词或词组上面,却往往忽略了一些看上去不那么重要的细节,在甄别正确答案和错误信息时判断失误,从而落入陷阱,铸成错误。
例如,Q6 / Test 1 / Cambridge V
On publication, the Dictionary was immediately hailed in many European countries as a landmark. According to his biographer, James Boswell, Johnsons principal achievement was to bring 6______________ to the English language.
题目中According to his biographer决定了答案必须是出自James Boswell之口,但一些学生更多地注意到的是跟achievement 和bring 的代换的单词,从而忽略了这一基本信息。在通过人名James Boswell 定位后,一些学生找到了 It is the cornerstone of Standard English, an achievement which, in James Boswells words, conferred stability on the language of his country,而把答案确定为cornerstone. 该答案从句意上讲亦无不妥,这是一个非常重要的陷阱条件;而事实上,如果学生能充分注意到in James Boswells words是题目中According to his biographer的话,结合bring 与confer 之间的代换,答案就不难得出,应该是stability。
另一个例子出现在同一套题中的Q36 :
36. The writer suggests that newspapers print items that are intended to
A. educate readers
B. meet their readers expectations.
C. encourage feedback from readers.
D. mislead readers.
在笔者执教的班级中,总有少数学生会做出错误选择D,因为在确定了关键词newspaper 的位置后,在Newspapers and broadcasters are there to provide what the public wants.后面紧接着出现的是That, however, can lead to significant distortions of perception. 越是细致谨慎,词汇量上佳的学生越容易因为however, distortions 而确定答案为D。
究其原因,还是由于忽略了题干中intended to导致的,一旦注意到题干中是说报纸印刷的内容是想要,打算要,而不是最终导致了,正确答案就毫无疑问是B。
在Cambridge IV中的Q 32 / Passage 3 / Test 1提供了同样情况的例子,在题干中题目要求Match each diagram to the type of movement A-E generally assigned to it in the experiment.相当一部分学生在对Q32进行配对时举棋不定,因为根据原文描述的内容,A,B,D三个选项似乎同时都可对应于32题的图示,成为答案,这显然是不对的。许多同学费尽周折,却忽略了更加仔细地读题目本身。题干中的generally和原文中Most guessed的意思吻合,这样答案就只能确定为该句所指的情况,正确选项为A。
如何避免考场上发生类似错误其实并不困难,建议考生们加强练习是主要手段,只有通过大量练习,将仔细阅读题干、把握细节信息的阅读方法形成习惯,才能在考场上保证万无一失。
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