由于Summary这一题型在三大题型要素中都不是简单的黑/白关系,我们应当承认,摘要题是雅思阅读中特点颇为复杂,考察颇为全面的一种题型。但正如上文讲到,Summary的解题要能够做到突出重点,各个击破,那么它的重点又是什么呢?
其实,Summary所表现出的多样性这并不意味其随意性。事实上,我们不论是从理论还是实践中都应该并且能够在这种分支众多的题型中找出一根最粗的主干。
一、有序or无序?
我们来看第二要素:In/Out of Order。对于这一题型的顺序性,雅思官方用了两个单词来进行描述not necessarily。尽管从词义上说,这表明该题型内部各题最终对应的文章信息点符合行文顺序(in passage order)还是呈现混乱状态(out of passage order)都是正常的。也就是说,这种说法意味着Summary题目会有相当客观比例的题目是乱序的。
但真实情况并非如此。
首先,从实践来说,无论是剑桥雅思官方的6本出版物剑1直至最新的剑7中我们所接触到的Summary题目,还是像笔者这样常年以考带研的培训界人士多次考场实践所遭遇到的Summary题目,都可以明确地传递这样的信息:摘要题的编写能够体现篇章的总体行文结构。虽然有时存在特定题空对其他题空构成所对应passage中具体信息点位置的穿越,但不会对实质上的in passage order造成巨大的干扰。唯一的整体例外是剑5 Test 3关于钢化玻璃的那篇Flawed Beauty。
实践中的体验来自于内在机制的运作。理论上讲,如果一个summary不能将哪怕是一部分的篇章结构和要点体现出来,它是没有理由被称为summary的。相对于原文因果倒置、主次不分、时间混乱的一段文字,不可能有效地达到概括的目的。其结果就是我们所往往碰到的题目顺序与行文结构一致的情形。
{结论}
Summary总体是是有序的。
请看下例(剑2 Test 1):
Questions 10-13
The island will be partially protected from storms by and also by Further settlement caused by will be prevented by the use of
TEXT The airport, though, is here to stay. To protect it, the new coastline is being bolstered with a formidable twelve kilometers of sea defences. The brunt of a typhoon will be deflected by the neighbouring island of Lantau ; the sea walls should guard against the rest. Gentler but more persistent bad weather downpours of the summer monsoon is also being taken into account. A mat-like material called geotextile is being laid across the island to separate the rock and sand layers. That will stop sand particles from being washed into the rock voids, and so causing further settlement. This island is being built never to be sunk.
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