雅思阅读素材:The magic
雅思考试的每一部分都不是容易的,听力,口语,阅读,写作,都是一点点的积累,然后运用之。阅读题最是展现你词汇量,逻辑理解的时候了,平时的阅读积累就显得尤为重要。下面是有为你整理的《雅思阅读素材:The magic 》,希望对你的雅思考试有所参考价值,考出一个好的成绩。
雅思阅读:The magic of diasporas
Immigrant networks are a rare bright spark in the world economy. Rich countries should welcome them
THIS is not a good time to be foreign. Anti-immigrant parties are gaining ground in Europe. Britain has been fretting this week over lapses in its border controls. In America Barack Obama has failed to deliver the immigration reform he promised , and Republican presidential candidates would rather electrify the border fence with Mexico than educate the children of illegal aliens. America educates foreign scientists in its universities and then expels them, a policy the mayor of New York calls national suicide.
This illiberal turn in attitudes to migration is no surprise. It is the result of cyclical economic gloom combined with a secular rise in pressure on rich countries borders. But governments now weighing up whether or not to try to slam the door should consider another factor: the growing economic importance of diasporas, and the contribution they can make to a countrys economic growth.
Old networks, new communications
Diaspora networksof Huguenots, Scots, Jews and many othershave always been a potent economic force, but the cheapness and ease of modern travel has made them larger and more numerous than ever before. There are now 215m first-generation migrants around the world: thats 3% of the worlds population. If they were a nation, it would be a little larger than Brazil. There are more Chinese people living outside China than there are French people in France. Some 22m Indians are scattered all over the globe. Small concentrations of ethnic and linguistic groups have always been found in surprising placesLebanese in west Africa, Japanese in Brazil and Welsh in Patagonia, for instancebut they have been joined by newer ones, such as west Africans in southern China.
These networks of kinship and language make it easier to do business across borders. They speed the flow of information: a Chinese trader in Indonesia who spots a gap in the market for cheap umbrellas will alert his cousin in Shenzhen who knows someone who runs an umbrella factory. Kinship ties foster trust, so they can seal the deal and get the umbrellas to Jakarta before the rainy season ends. Trust matters, especially in emerging markets where the rule of law is weak. So does a knowledge of the local culture. That is why so much foreign direct investment in China still passes through the Chinese diaspora. And modern communications make these networks an even more powerful tool of business.
Diasporas also help spread ideas. Many of the emerging worlds brightest minds are educated at Western universities. An increasing number go home, taking with them both knowledge and contacts. Indian computer scientists in Bangalore bounce ideas constantly off their Indian friends in Silicon Valley. Chinas technology industry is dominated by sea turtles .
Diasporas spread money, too. Migrants into rich countries not only send cash to their families; they also help companies in their host country operate in their home country. A Harvard Business School study shows that American companies that employ lots of ethnic Chinese people find it much easier to set up in China without a joint venture with a local firm.
Such arguments are unlikely to make much headway against hostility towards immigrants in rich countries. Fury against foreigners is usually based on two notions: that because so many migrants claim welfare they are a drain on the public purse; and that because they are prepared to work harder for less pay they will depress the wages of those at the bottom of the pile.
The first is usually not true , and the second is hard to establish either way. Some studies do indeed suggest that competition from unskilled immigrants depresses the wages of unskilled locals. But others find this effect to be small or non-existent.
Nor is it possible to establish the impact of migration on overall growth. The sums are simply too difficult. Yet there are good reasons for believing that it is likely to be positive. Migrants tend to be hard-working and innovative. That spurs productivity and company formation. A recent study carried out by Duke University showed that, while immigrants make up an eighth of Americas population, they founded a quarter of the countrys technology and engineering firms. And, by linking the West with emerging markets, diasporas help rich countries to plug into fast-growing economies.
Rich countries are thus likely to benefit from looser immigration policy; and fears that poor countries will suffer as a result of a brain drain are overblown. The prospect of working abroad spurs more people to acquire valuable skills, and not all subsequently emigrate. Skilled migrants send money home, and they often return to set up new businesses. One study found that unless they lose more than 20% of their university graduates, the brain drain makes poor countries richer.
Indian takeaways
Government as well as business gains from the spread of ideas through diasporas. Foreign-educated Indians, including the prime minister, Manmohan Singh and his sidekick Montek Ahluwalia , played a big role in bringing economic reform to India in the early 1990s. Some 500,000 Chinese people have studied abroad and returned, mostly in the past decade; they dominate the think-tanks that advise the government, and are moving up the ranks of the Communist Party. Cheng Li of the Brookings Institution, an American think-tank, predicts that they will be 15-17% of its Central Committee next year, up from 6% in 2002. Few sea turtles call openly for democracy. But they have seen how it works in practice, and they know that many countries that practise it are richer, cleaner and more stable than China.
As for the old world, its desire to close its borders is understandable but dangerous. Migration brings youth to ageing countries, and allows ideas to circulate in millions of mobile minds. That is good both for those who arrive with suitcases and dreams and for those who should welcome them.
杀手包、饺子包……这些奢侈品手袋的昵称是怎么来的?
Facebook要研发自己的数字货币
国内英语资讯:Regulations on inspections of building rule-of-law govt published
体坛英语资讯:Tyronn Lue close to Lakers coaching job, say reports
研究发现:55岁是当领导的黄金年龄
国内英语资讯:Feature: Greek, Chinese experts discuss Belt and Road
国内英语资讯:China not to compromise on major principles, capable to cope with challenges: think tanks
国际英语资讯:UN monitoring team verifies Yemens Houthi withdrawal from Hodeidah ports
体坛英语资讯:Pele hails sensational Messi
英国王室母亲节的6个传统,其中一个你肯定做不到
国际英语资讯:Sri Lanka imposes nationwide curfew following violent clashes
国际英语资讯:U.S. Colorado high school shooting leaves unanswered questions
国内英语资讯:Implementation plan for national ecological civilization pilot zone unveiled
体坛英语资讯:Chinese forward Wu Lei commits his future to Espanyol
国内英语资讯:Various activities feature 1000-day countdown to Beijing 2022
国内英语资讯:Chinas top legislator to visit Norway, Austria, Hungary
国内英语资讯:Top political advisor meets with Taiwan delegation led by Hung Hsiu-chu
国内英语资讯:Exhibition kicks off to showcase splendor of Asian civilizations
百事可乐要直接用夜空打广告
体坛英语资讯:Guangdong sweeps Xinjiang 4-0 for 9th CBA title
国际英语资讯:Pakistan reaches agreement with IMF for 6 bln USD package over 3 years
A Good Friend 一位好朋友
体坛英语资讯:Table tennis test event held at 7th Military World Games venue
国内英语资讯:Ukraines president-elect, Chinese ambassador meet on cooperation
为什么新割的草那么好闻?
国际英语资讯:Lithuanian PM Skvernelis admits defeat, Nauseda, Simonyte head to presidential runoff
国内英语资讯:China, Russia, U.S. should make more joint efforts on world stability, development: Chinese
国内英语资讯:China strengthens disaster prevention, relief education
国内英语资讯:China to unveil list of products eligible for tariff exemption
体坛英语资讯:France names 23-player squad for Womens World Cup
不限 |
英语教案 |
英语课件 |
英语试题 |
不限 |
不限 |
上册 |
下册 |
不限 |