1.冠词
冠词分不定冠词和定冠词两类。不定冠词a/an 多表示引入一个具体的例子,尤其是结合大写的专有名词或数字等信息时,在初次处理文章时是不需要详细读的,除非后面有细节性的题目涉及到。这样的例子中多有专业词汇夹杂在其中,如过多关注这些词汇不但影响速度,还会加重考生的紧张心理。而定冠词后往往接的是一个抽象性的概念,或者是对前面提到的核心事物的同义表达,可能有生单词,但也是对前面的重复表达,只要看懂后面的评价性的观点即可。如:
In June 1976, 711200 people were living in a different State from that in which they had been living in 1981.In general, the direction of net interstate migration has been northwards and westwards .
上文中的第一句that是一个阅读中的难点,代替的是前一句中的某个state,但实际上这句是一举例,不需要读的,反复琢磨出其意思只是耽误时间,而后面的the提示其后的内容才是重点。
2.代词
任何一篇阅读文章中都不可避免会出现人称代词和指示代词,在处理文章的过程中应重点把握this, that, these, those,such, his, their,they等构成的短语是继续前面的例子还是对其进行评价, 重点看的应是评价。 如剑3 中的The Scientific Method一文中, There is no such thing as an unbiased observation, 统领一个新的段落, 如看懂such是对前面的归纳,那就很容易看懂本短的主要内容是把上一段否定了, 这一段就不需要全读了, 阅读速度自然提高了很多。
It是应该高度重视的一个词, 尤其是以判断句式出现的时候, 重点应看的是系动词后面的形容词或类似的表达, 至于it所代表的从句或不定式或是动名词结构都是全文中反复提到的,只是换了一种表达方式而已,所以处理时可将其看成这个.如:
It is a mas extinction, and whether we will ever rebound from the loss is difficult to know.
该句子中的mass 和difficult to know 则是阅读中的重点, 至于and 后的从句是什么即使是不看也能猜出是全文反复提到的语言的死亡者。
3.连词
大部分备考的考生都已掌握了连词but 和and以及其它类似的表达, 如:, in contrast to, however, while, fruthermore, not onlybut also, besides等对提高阅读速度以及生单词的处理的辅助作用。如剑6中的一篇文章:
What was on offer that day was a pair of tickets for a New York musical. But on any given day, what Schaefer can offer is typical for todys drugs rep-a car trunk full of promotiojal gifts and gadgets, a budget that could buy lunches and dinners for a small country
上文中的第二句开始的but提示下面的内容和第一句应是不同的,至于是什么则不需要细读,因为里面有不定冠词a及大写的专有名词,只要知道是举了几个例子即可。而其中的gadgets则是雅思常考的生单词的方式之一, 一个常见的单词和一个较生僻的单词用and连接。
在理解某一段落的主旨时还应注意该段最后是否有类似but之类的将前面的观点否定了的词汇或短语。
4. 介词
介词是英语中应用最灵活的一类词,阅读中英特别关注for, to,from等方向性的词,前两个表示结果或目的,即使有不认识的单词考生们也可往这方面猜;from出表示来自,在很多情况下还表示原因,有可能出判断等题。Of前经常是一些比较生僻的抽象性的集合词,不影响理解句子的意思,如:
the oil-rich monarchs of Saudi Arabia and Kuwait flew Asians in to build their new cities.
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