详解雅思阅读语法的难点：倒装句

　　从形式上分，倒装有两种：全部倒装和部分倒装。谓语动词全部位于主语之前的称作全部倒装，例如：In front of me stood a boy. 只将谓语动词的一部分放在主语之前的称作部分倒装，例如：Only in this way can we do it better. 从使用目的区分，倒装也有两种情况，即语法倒装和修辞倒装。语法倒装是由于语法规则的要求而必须进行的倒装，例如：Who called me just now?修辞倒装是出于修辞的需要而把正常语序转为倒装语序，例如：Out rushed the children.HFowler归纳倒装的原因有九种，即疑问、命令、惊叹、假设、平衡、衔接、点题、否定和韵律。这并不完全，还应加上强调和为使描写更加生动两种。在英语中，倒装句俯拾即是，用得非常普遍，但汉语却很少用，所以在翻译倒装句时，仍应按原文词序翻译，并照顾汉语的习惯，以保持译文句子结构流畅、匀称。本章只列举在阅读文章中常遇到的倒装现象，以使考生熟悉英语和汉语在语序上的差异。

　　1. Jack London poured into his writings all the pain of his life,the fierce hatred of the bourgeoisie that it had produced in him,and the conviction it had brought to him that the world could be made a better place to live in if the exploited would rise up and take the management of society out of the hands of the exploiters.

　　第一层：Jack London 主 poured 谓 into his writings 状 all the pain 宾 of his life,定 the fierce hatred 宾 of the bourgeoisie 定 that it had produced in him ,定语从句1 and 连 the conviction 宾 it had brought to him 定语从句2 that the world could be made a better place to live in if the exploited would rise 同位语从句 up and take the management of society out of the hands of the exploiters .

　　第二层：that 引 it 主 had produced 谓 in him 状

　　it 主 had brought to 谓 him 间宾

　　that 引 the world 主 could be made 谓 a better place 宾 to live in 定 if the exploited would rise up and take the man- 状语从句 agement of society out of the hands of the exploiters.

　　第三层：if 引 the exploited 主 would rise up 谓 and 连 take 谓 the management 宾 of society 定 out of the hands of the exploiters 状

　　要点 本句为倒装句。如果宾语较长或宾语结构比较复杂，往往将宾语后置，采用倒装语序，以使句子保持平衡。本句的宾语由三个并列的名词构成，且第二和第三个名词后又带有限定性定语从句，故采用倒装语序，将动词poured的宾语放在状语into his writings之后。all the pain，the fierce hatred和the conviction是poured的三个并列的宾语;其中，第一个that引导的定语从句修饰hatred,it had brought to him修饰conviction,在该定语从句中其关系代词作宾语而被省略;第二个that从句则是conviction的同位语从句。