THE Japanese say they suffer from an economic disease called structural pessimism. Overseas too, there is a tendency to see Japan as a harbinger of all that is doomed in the economies of the euro zone and Americaeven though figures released on November 14th show its economy grew by an annualised 6% in the third quarter, rebounding quickly from the March tsunami and nuclear disaster.
Look dispassionately at Japans economic performance over the past ten years, though, and the second lost decade, if not the first, is a misnomer. Much of what tarnishes Japans image is the result of demographymore than half its population is over 45as well as its poor policy in dealing with it. Even so, most Japanese have grown richer over the decade.
In aggregate, Japans economy grew at half the pace of Americas between Yet if judged by growth in GDP per person over the same period, then Japan has outperformed America and the euro zone . In part this is because its population has shrunk whereas Americas population has increased.
Though growth in labour productivity fell slightly short of Americas from , total factor productivity, a measure of how a country uses capital and labour, grew faster, according to the Tokyo-based Asian Productivity Organisation. Japans unemployment rate is higher than in 2000, yet it remains about half the level of America and Europe .
Besides supposed stagnation, the two other curses of the Japanese economy are debt and deflation. Yet these also partly reflect demography and can be overstated. People often think of Japan as an indebted country. In fact, it is the worlds biggest creditor nation, boasting ¥253 trillion in net foreign assets.
雅思阅读范文:Whose lost decade?
To be sure, its government is a large debtor; its net debt as a share of GDP is one of the highest in the OECD. However, the public debt has been accrued not primarily through wasteful spending or bridges to nowhere, but because of ageing, says the IMF. Social-security expenditure doubled as a share of GDP between to pay rising pensions and health-care costs. Over the same period tax revenues have shrunk.
Falling tax revenues are a problem. The flip side, though, is that Japan has the lowest tax take of any country in the OECD, at just 17% of GDP. That gives it plenty of room to manoeuvre. Takatoshi Ito, an economist at the University of Tokyo, says increasing the consumption tax by 20 percentage points from its current 5%putting it at the level of a high-tax European countrywould raise ¥50 trillion and immediately wipe out Japans fiscal deficit.
雅思写作范文:Sport Event
雅思写作范文精选:传统文化类
雅思写作范文精选:政府应该怎么做才能减少垃圾数量
雅思写作:优秀范文阅读欣赏(11)
雅思写作范文精选:汽油价格和控制交通污染
雅思写作范文精选:政府职能
雅思写作范文精选:科技发展与其问题
雅思写作:优秀范文阅读欣赏(17)
雅思大作文经典题目(3)
雅思大作文经典题目(1)
雅思写作中常用的长副词
雅思大作文经典题目(6)
雅思大作文范文:女人参军
雅思写作范文精选:烟草应视为违禁物品吗?
雅思大作文经典题目(9)
雅思写作:优秀范文阅读欣赏(15)
雅思写作范文精选:空运水果蔬菜之利弊
G类雅思投诉信写作思路整理
雅思写作范文精选:政府是否应控制影视暴力
2月4日雅思大作文简析及2月备考指导
雅思写作话题例句精粹:经济
雅思写作范文精选:是否应限制航空旅行
如何安排雅思大作文的语言结构
雅思写作指导:代词的使用(1)
雅思写作范文精选:烟草应视为违禁物品吗
雅思写作:优秀范文阅读欣赏(21)
雅思大作文经典题目(5)
雅思考场作文应该如何检查
雅思写作范文精选:男女分校带来的利弊
雅思写作范文:权利和平等
| 不限 |
| 英语教案 |
| 英语课件 |
| 英语试题 |
| 不限 |
| 不限 |
| 上册 |
| 下册 |
| 不限 |