Handicapped: 残疾的
在Handicapped身上,我们可以认出两张熟悉的面孔:hand(手)和cap(帽子)。然而,让人纳闷的是,手和帽子组合到一起,怎么就残疾了呢? 原来handicap(handicapped的名词形式)有着一段传奇的身世。在14世纪的英国,一种以物易物的游戏非常流行。在这种两人游戏中,一个人可以要求另一个人与他交换一件大概等值的东西,为了公平起见,游戏中会有一位裁判。游戏开始,他们三个人把手放在一顶帽子里,每个人手里都捏着赌注。“Hand in the Cap”由此得名,简称为“Hand I' Cap”。裁判会衡量玩家手中的赌注价值,并要求低的一方增加赌注。 这种裁判机制在17世纪被引入赛马运动。为使得胜机会均等,裁判给那些速度快、体力强的马加载重量。后来handicap渐渐指代赛马中的各种处罚,如增加载重、罚分、时间以及距离等等。 经过几个世纪的演变,到19世纪时,handicap拥有了“障碍、不利条件”的意思,它既可以用作动词,又可以作名词。例如: Lack of money handicapped him in his business badly.(资金短缺严重影响了他的企业发展。) They told me that my lack of experience was a handicap.(他们说我缺乏经验是个很不利的因素。)
Handicap的形容词形式handicapped也很常见,例如: The success of the handicapped man incites us to pursue our dreams.(这位残疾人的成功激励我们追求自己的梦想。)
另外,高尔夫球术语中也有handicap的一席之地哦!Handicap就是“差点”,简而言之就是“球手的平均成绩(杆数)和标准杆数的差距”。
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