a[E, eI] / an[En, An] art. 一(个;件……):This is an egg. 这是一个鸡蛋。/ Let me have a try. 我来试一试。/ A dog is a kind of animal. 狗是一种动物。
【用法】1. 在以辅音或半元音开头的词前用a,而在以元音开头的词前用an。2. 单数可数名词若泛指,其前需加a / an,不要从汉语习惯出发漏掉此不定冠词,如不说He is famous film star.(应在famous前加a)。
able[5eIbl] adj. 有能力的;能干的:He is an able teacher. 他是位有能力的教师。/ She is old but still able. 她虽老但仍然很能干。
【短语】be able to 能,会:He is able to swim. 他会游泳。
about[E5baJt] prep. 关于;对于:I know all about it. 这件事我都知道。 adv. 大约:It is about ten o’clock. 大概10点钟了。
【短语】be about to 即将,马上(后接动词原形,注意该短语不与具体的时间状语连用):He is about to return to his homeland. 他即将回乡。
【辨析】about与on:about 指泛泛地或非正式地谈论某事, 其谈论的内容也较为普通;而 on 则指比较有系统地或理论性较强地论述某事,其论述的内容较正式或较为严肃。
above[E5bQv] prep. 在……上面:The lamp hangs above the bed. 灯挂在床的上方。
【短语】above all 首先,特别是:Never waste anything, but above all never waste time. 任何东西都不可浪费,特别是不可浪费时间。
【辨析】above与over:两者都可表示“高于”,over 主要表示垂直方向的正上方,而 above 则不一定表示正上方(即可以是正上方也可以不是正上方)。
abroad[E5brC:d] adv. 到国外,在国外:I want to study abroad in the future. 将来我想在国外学习。/ His friends are going abroad on holiday. 他的朋友准备出国休假。
【注意】abroad是副词,不是名词,所以不说 go to abroad, in the abroad 等。
accident[5AksIdEnt] n. 事故,灾难:There has been a traffic accident. 出了一次交通事故。/ That boy met with a bad accident last month. 上个月那个男孩出了很严重的事故。
【短语】by accident 偶然,无意中,不小心:We met each other again completely by accident.我们再次相遇,完全出于偶然。
across[E5krCs] prep. 穿过,横穿:Be careful across the road. 过马路要小心。
【注意】across 是介词,不是动词,与之意义相近的动词形式是 cross,注意不要混淆。
active[5Aktiv] adj. 积极的:He always takes an active part in the class activities. 他总是积极参加班上的活动。
【短语】be active in 积极参加:He is active in politics. 他积极参加政治活动。
ad[Ad] = advertisement[7AdvE5taizmEnt] n. 广告:The wall was covered with ads. 墙上贴满了广告。/ Do you like the ad for the KFC? 你喜欢肯德基的广告吗?
address[E5dres] n. 地址:could you tell me your address? Maybe I can do you a favor. 可以告诉我你的地址吗?也许我能帮你。
afford[E5fC:d] v. 有足够的(钱,时间)做某事:Today many families can afford a car. 如今很多家庭买得起车。/ I cannot afford the time to go to the market today. 今天我抽不出时间去市场了。
【用法】通常与 can, be able to 等连用;后接动词时要用不定式,不用动名词。
afraid[E5freid] adj. 害怕的:Most people are afraid of snake. 大多数人都怕蛇。
【短语】be afraid of 害怕:He is afraid of nothing. 他什么都不怕。
【用法】是表语形容词,一般不能放在名词前作定语。
【辨析】 be afraid of doing sth 与 be afraid to do sth:两者均可表示“害怕做做某事”、“不敢做某事”,但若要表示担心可能会发生某事时,则只能用 be afraid of doing:I was afraid of hurting her feelings. 我怕伤了她的感情。
Africa[5AfrIkE] n. 非洲:Africa is rich in minerals. 非洲矿产丰富。
after[5B:ftE] prep. & conj. 在……之后;在……后面:After class, we will have ten minutes to rest. 下课后,我们有10分钟的休息时间。/ Phone me after you get home. 到家后给我来电话。
【辨析】after 与 in:两者均可与一段时间连用表示“在……之后”,其区别是:after表示以过去时间为起点的一段时间以后,且通常与过去时态连用;而in则表示以现在为起点的一段时间以后。
afternoon[7B:ftE5nu:n] n. 下午,午后:In summer, children often don’t go out in the afternoon. 夏季的午后孩子门一般不出门。/ Let’s go swimming this afternoon. 今天下午去游泳吧。
again[E5gen] adv. 又,再:please say it again. 请再说一遍。/ The little boy made the same mistake again. 这个小男孩又犯了同样的错误。
【短语】 again and again 再三地,一再地,反复地:Our English teacher tells us to study hard again and again. 我们的英语老师反复地告诉我们要刻苦学习。
【用法】通常不与那些已经含有 again 意义的动词(如repeat, renew等)连用。
against[E5genst] prep. 对着,与……对抗:Our class plays against Class 2 in this basketball game. 这次篮球赛我们班对2班。
【注意】against是介词,不是动词,不能单独用作谓语。
age[eidV] n. 年龄:At the age of 12, my parents held a birthday party for me. 我12岁时,爸爸妈妈为我举办了一个生日宴会。/ What’s your age? 你多大年纪了?
ago[E5gEu] adv. 以前:How long ago did my mother leave? 我妈妈走了多久了?/ A week ago we began our summer holiday. 一个星期以前,暑假开始了。
【用法】通常与一般过去时连用。
agree[E5gri:] v. 同意,赞成:I agree with you on that point. 在那一点上我同意你的观点。/ Side A has agreed with the suggestion. 甲方已经同意了这项建议。
【短语】 agree with 同意……意见(想法);符合,一致:We all agree with you. 我们大家都同意你的意见。/ Tom’s words don’t agree with his actions. 汤姆的言行不一致。
【说明】后接动词要用不定式,不用动名词。
air[eE] n. 天空,空气:Every morning I open the window to make the air in the room fresh again. 每天早晨我都会打开窗户,让房间里的空气清新。
【短语】in the air 在空中:I see a bird in the air. 我看到一只鸟在天空中飞翔。in the open air 在户外;在野外:We sometimes have a picnic in the open air. 有时我们在户外野炊。
airport[5eEpC:t] n. 飞机场:I’ll contact you when I reach the airport. 我到机场时再跟你联系。
alive[E5laiv] adj. 活着的:The fish is still alive. 鱼还是活的。/ He is alone, but lucky to be alive. 他孤单一人,但所幸还活着。
【辨析】alive, living和live:三者均可表示“活着的”,alive 主要作表语,可用于人或动物。如:He must be still alive. 他一定还活着。living 可用作表语或定语,可用于人或物。如:Are your grandparents still living? 你的祖父母还健在吗? live 通常只用作定语(前置),可用于动物或植物,但一般不用于人。如:He bought some live fish. 他买了几条活鱼。
all[C:l] pron. 全体,全部:All can’t live without air. 所有的人离开空气都不能生存。adj. 所有的:All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。 adv. 都;完全:The ground was all white after the snow fell. 下雪后地上一片白茫茫的。
【短语】 all by oneself 独自,单独:He did his homework all by himself. 他独立完成了家庭作业。all day 一整天:We shall not read all day and had better spare time to consider. 我们不应该一天到晚地死读书,最好抽点时间来思考。all over 遍及:My dream is to travel all over the world. 我的梦想是游遍全世界。all right 好;行;不错:His study is always all right. 他的学习成绩一向不错。all the same 仍然,还是:She is busy but she insists on visiting her mother every week all the same. 虽然她很忙,但她仍然坚持每个星期都去看她的母亲。 all the year round 一年到头:Her father is busy with his business all the year round. 她爸爸一年到头都在忙生意(from www.yygrammar.com)。
allow[E5lau] v. 允许,准许:We shall not allow a stranger inside. 我们不应该让陌生人进门。/ Are we allowed to sit down.?能允许我们坐下吗?/ We do not allow smoking in our office. 我们办公室里不允许吸烟。
【短语】 allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事:We do not allow people to smoke here. 我们不许(人们)在此吸烟(此地禁止吸烟)。
almost[5C:lmEust] adv. 几乎,差不多:He almost forgot the meeting this evening. 他差点儿忘了今晚的会议。/ He is almost as tall as I am. 他几乎有我这么高了。
【辨析】almost和nearly:两者都可用来修饰不定代词、形容词、副词、动词、介词短语等,此时两者常可换用。almost 可用于 any 以及 no, none, nobody, nothing, never等否定词之前,但 nearly 一般不这样用。如:Almost any man can do it.几乎任何人都会做。nearly 前可用 very, pretty, not 等词修饰,但 almost 之前不能用这些词。如:The car is pretty nearly new. 这汽车几乎是全新的。
alone[E5lEun] adv. 独自,单独地:I want to talk with you alone. 我想和你单独谈谈。adj.单独的,独自的:I was alone in the house.房子里只有我一个人。
along[E5lCN] prep. 沿着,顺着:After supper, I like to go for a walk along the river. 晚饭后,我喜欢沿着河边散步。adv. 一道,一起:My sister brought me along. 我姐姐把我也带去了。
already[C:l5redi] adv. 已经:I have already seen that film three times. 那场电影我已经看过三遍了。
also[5C:lsEu] adv. 也:He can speak English, and also French. 他不但会说英语,还会说法语。/ Beth also is fond of singing. 贝思也喜欢唱歌。
although[C:l5TEu] conj. 虽然,尽管:Although we all tried our best, we lost the game. 虽然我们已尽了最大的努力,但还是输了。
【注意】如果句子中使用了连词although,那么不再使用并列连词but。
always[5C:lweiz] adv. 总是,一直,经常:Why do you always get up so late? 你为什么老起这么晚?
amaze[E5meiz] v. 使……大为惊讶,使惊愕:She was amazed that he was still alive. 他居然还活着使她感到惊异。/ He amazed everyone by passing his driving test. 他驾驶考试合格使大家很惊奇。
【短语】be amazed at / by对……感到惊讶:I was amazed at / by her calmness. 我对她的镇定感到吃惊。
amazing[E5meiziN] adj. 令人惊奇的,惊人的:The experiment was an amazing success. 实验取得了惊人的成功。/ What an amazing film! 多么了不起的一部影片啊!
America[E5merikE] n. 美国:(= the United States of America)
American[E5merikEn] n. & adj. 美国人(的):Americans make very good ice-cream.美国人做的冰淇淋很好。
among[E5mQN] prep. 在……当中:He was waiting for his son among a crowd.他在人群中等他的儿子。
【辨析】among和between:among 一般用于三者或三者以上的“在……中间”,其宾语通常是一个表示笼统数量或具有复数(或集合)意义的名词或代词。如:They hid themselves among the trees. 他们躲在树林中。between 一般指两者之间,其宾语往往是表示两者的名词或代词,或者是由 and 连接的两个人或物。如:There was a fight between the two boys. 这两个孩子打过一次架。
and[End] conj. 和,又,而:We were cold and hungry. 我们饥寒交迫。/ He is able to read and write. 他能读又能写。
【短语】and so on等等:They sell pens, pencils, paper and so on. 他们出售钢笔、铅笔、纸张等等。
angry[5ANgri] adj. 发怒的,生气的:I lost the key and my father was angry. 我把钥匙弄丢了,爸爸很生气。/ He was so angry with his brother. 他很生弟弟的气。
【短语】 be angry with sb对某人发脾气:Parents had better not often be angry with children. 父母最好不要经常对孩子发脾气。be angry at / about sth 对某事生气:He is always getting angry about something. 他总是为一些事生气。
animal[5Animl] n. 动物:Monkey is a kind of wild animal. 猴子是一种野生动物。/ There are a lot of animals in the zoo. 动物园里有许多动物。
another[E5nQTE] adj.& pron. 另一个(的);又一个(的):I need to buy another book. 我还需要买一本书。/ Would you like another cup of tea? 你想再喝一杯茶吗?
【用法】泛指不确定数目中的“另外任何一个”。
answer [5B:nsE] v. 回答:I can answer this question. 我能回答这个问题。/ He answered that he knew nothing about it.他答复说关于此事他一点儿也不知道。
any [5eni] adj.什么;一些;任何的:Do you need any help? 你需要什么帮助吗?/ Do ask, if you have any questions. 如果有问题,一定要问。
【用法】常用于否定句,疑问句和条件句中。
【短语】any more 再,更:He was not naughty any more. 他不再淘气了。/ They don’t live here any more. 他们现在不再住在这里了。
anybody[5enibCdi] pron. 任何人:Has anybody seen my ball pen? 有人看到我的圆珠笔了吗?/ If he doesn’t know how is anybody else to know? 如果他都不知道还有什么人会知道?
anything[5eniWiN] pron. 任何事(物):We can do anything we like. 我们想干什么都行。/ If you want anything to drink please tell me? 如果你想喝点什么请告诉我。
appear[E5piE] v. 出现,露面:After the storm, a rainbow appeared in the sky. 暴雨过后天空出现了彩虹。/ To my surprise he suddenly appeared. 他的突然出现使我吃了一惊。
apple[5Apl] n. 苹果:Apple is one of my favorite fruits. 苹果是我最喜欢的水果之一。/ There is an apple tree in front of my house. 我家门前有一棵苹果树。
April[5eiprEl] n. 四月:The first day of April is Fool’s Day. 4月1日是愚人节。/ April is the season of flowers. 四月是鲜花盛开的季节。
arm[B:m] n. 手臂,胳膊:His arm hurt after he fell down. 他摔倒后弄伤了胳膊
【短语】arm in arm 手挽手地:Lily and Lucy walked arm in arm. 丽丽和露西手挽手地走着。
around[E5raund] prep. 在……周围,环绕着:The moon moves around the earth. 月球绕着地球转。/ Students stood all around their teacher. 学生们围着老师站着。
arrive[E5raiv] v. 到达,抵达某地:At 7 o’clock, we arrived the railway station.我们7点钟到了火车站。/ He was tired when he arrived home. 他到家时非常疲倦。
【辨析】arrive, get 和reach:三者均可表示“到达”,区别如下:arrive 和 get 都是不及物动词,前者较正式,后者则较口语化。两者之后均不可直接接宾语,但可接 here, there, home 之类的表地点的副词作状语。reach 通常是及物动词(较get 更正式),其后可直接跟地点名词作宾语(不能用介词)。
art[B:t] n. 艺术;艺术品:She is going to art school in New York. 她要去上纽约的艺术学校。/ A work of art is the wisdom of artists. 艺术品是艺术家智慧的结晶。
as[Ez] conj. 按照,如同;因为,由于:The child always do as his mother say. 这个小孩总是按照他妈妈说的做。/ I didn’t buy the dress, as I thought it was too expensive. 我没有买那件衣服,因为我认为它太贵了。prep.作为:As a good teacher, he cares about his students very much. 作为一名好老师,他很关心自己的学生。
【短语】as if 好像:It looks as if it is going to rain. 看起来好像要下雨。as long as 假如,如果,只要 :I won’t forget as long as I live. 我一辈子都忘不了。as usual 像平常一样:It is raining heavily but I go to school as usual. 虽然雨下得很大,但我还是像平常一样去上学。as well 也;又;同样的:Tom was praised by his teacher as well. 汤姆也得到了老师的表扬。as…as 与……一样:Paul has already been as tall as his father. 保罗已经和父亲一样高了。not as / so…as与……不一样:This coat is not so beautiful as that one. 这件外套不如那件好看。
ask[B:sk] v. 问:She asked whether I wanted tea or coffee. 她问我要茶还是咖啡。/ He asked me the time. 他问我时间。
【短语】ask for 请求;询问:I helped her ask for sick leave. 我帮她请了病假。
asleep[E5sli:p] adj. 睡着的,熟睡的:As soon as he went to bed, he fell asleep. 他一倒在床上就睡着了。/ The child in the photo was fast asleep. 照片中的那个孩子睡得好熟。
【注意】asleep 是形容词,而sleep是动词。
assistant[E5sistEnt] n. 助手,助理:My assistant will come to meet you.我的助手将来和你见面。/ What is the laboratory assistant doing? I seldom can find him. 实验室助理员在忙什么?我很少能找到他。
at[Et] prep. 在:He left his textbook at home. 他把课本忘在了家里。/ At eight o’clock I will go to the movies. 在8点钟时我要去看电影。
【短语】at all (用于否定句)一点也不:He didn’t like it at all. 他根本不喜欢它。at breakfast 早餐时:At breakfast, mother has already prepared for lunch. 早餐的时候,妈妈已经为中餐做好了准备。at home 在家:In winter holiday I would rather stay at home than go out. 寒假我宁愿呆在家里也不出去。at least 至少,起码:The book has 400 pages at least. 这本书至少有400页。at midnight 在半夜:At midnight I had a nightmare.半夜我做了一个噩梦。at night 在晚上,在夜里:He went to evening school at night. 晚上他去上过夜校。at school 在学校:We don’t stay at school at the weekends. 周末我们不呆在学校。at sea 在大海上:A ship is sailing at sea. 一艘轮船在大海上航行。at the age of 在……岁时:At the age of 10 he had already entered the middle school. 他10岁就上了初中。at the beginning of 开始;……起初:At the beginning of football game, our class got 2 scores。足球赛刚开始我们班就进了两个球。at the end of 在……结尾,到……尽头:At the end of street, there is a bar. 街的尽头有一家酒吧。at the head of 在……的前头:At the head of classroom there is a blackboard and platform. 教室的前面是黑板和讲台。at the moment 此刻:I’m afraid she’s busy at the moment. 很抱歉,她现在很忙。at the same time 同时:I can’t think about more than one thing at the same time. 我不能一心二用。at times 有时,偶尔:He laughs at me at times. 他有时会嘲笑我。
attack[E5tAk] v. 攻击,袭击:Three men attacked him and stole his money. 三个人袭击了他,抢走了他的钱。
attract[E5trAkt] v. 吸引:Flowers attract bees. 花吸引蜜蜂。/ The film star attracts many fans. 这位电影明星吸引了大群的影迷。
August[5C:gEst] n. 8月:Middle Autumn Day is in August. 中秋节在八月。
aunt[B:nt] n. 姨母,舅母;姑母,伯母,婶母:Please say hello to my aunt. 请代我向姨妈问好。
Australia[C5streiljE] n. 澳大利亚:What’s the population of Australia? 澳大利亚的人口是多少?
autumn[5C:tEm] n. 秋天,秋季:It is cool in Autumn. 秋天天气凉爽。/ I knew him last autumn. 我是去年秋天认识他的。
awake[E5weik] adj. 清醒的:We shall keep awake when we have an exam. 考试时我们要保持头脑清醒。
【短语】be awake 醒着的:I was awake when mother called me. 妈妈叫我的时候我已经醒了。
away[E5wei] adv. 离开:How long will you be away? 你将离开多久?
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