在网上,雾霾的英语通常有以下3种:smoke,haze以及smog。究竟哪种说法最准确?这就要从雾霾的成分说起了。
《穹顶之下》告诉我们,雾霾是PM2.5等可吸入颗粒物悬浮在空中形成的。它的来源主要是煤炭燃烧、汽车尾气和光化学污染。
Haze A slight obscuration of the lower atmosphere, typically caused by fine suspended particles.
Haze虽然可以译作烟雾,但它的本意是指空气中的蒸汽、微粒形成的雾气,并不特指污染物。
Smoke A visible suspension of carbon or other particles in air, typically one emitted from a burning substance.
Smoke是指燃烧释放的微粒形成的烟。雾都人民看不见河北省的火焰,而且光污染和汽车尾气也制造了一大批PM2.5。因此唐山人民可以管钢铁厂排出烟叫smoke,帝都魔都的雾霾却应该换一种说法:smog。
Smog Fog or haze intensified by smoke or other atmospheric pollutants.
因为没有现成的单词准确形容雾霾,英国人在20世纪初用smoke和fog合成了一个新单词smog,专指空气污染形成的雾霾。《穹顶之下》里提到的英国1952年污染事件的学名就叫做great smog of ’52。
雾霾haze;
烟雾smog;
空气污染指数air pollution index;
橙色预警orange alert;
悬浮颗粒物airborne particulate matter;
可吸入颗粒物inhalable particle;
有毒物质toxic substance;
空气质量检测air quality monitoring;
实时发布PM2.5数据release real-time PM2.5 data
有害空气污染物hazardous airborne pollutant;
污浊的空气foul air;
连续多日烟雾consecutive smoggy days;
防尘口罩anti-dust gauze mask;
能见度低low visibility;
机动车尾气尘vehicle exhaust;
工业化industrialization;
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