一、在否定句中的用法比较
在通常情况下,在肯定句中用and,相应的否定句中则用 or。如:
He has brothers and sisters. 他有兄弟姐妹。
He has no brothers or sisters. 他既没有兄弟也没有姐妹。
They sang and danced. 他们既唱歌又跳舞(即载歌载舞)。
They didn’t sing or dance. 他们既没有唱歌也没有跳舞。
但是,在某些特殊情况下,即使是否定句也得用and。如:
Drivers must not drink and drive. 司机不准酒后驾车。
若将此句中的 and 改为 or,反而不合理了:
Drivers must not drink or drive. 司机不准开车或饮酒。
又如,汉语中有个成语叫“鱼和熊掌不可兼得,译成英语是 can’t have one’s cake and eat it,在该否定结构中也应用 and,不用 or,否则不合情理:
You want a regular income but don’t want to work. Don’t forget: you can’t have your cake and eat it! 你既想有稳定的收入,又不想工作。别忘了,鱼和熊掌不可兼得呀!
二、在祈使句中的用法比较
and 和 or 均可用于祈使句后表示结果(即暗示后面的陈述句为前面祈使句的结果),注意两者意思不同:and 意为“那么,or 意为“否则。如:
Study hard, and you will pass the exam. 努力学习,你考试会及格的。
Study hard, or you will fail the exam. 努力学习,否则你考试会不及格。
这类结构通常可转换成含条件状语从句的复合句,如上面两句可改写成:
If you study hard, you will pass the exam. 你若努力学习,考试会及格的。
If you don’t study hard, you will fail the exam. 你若不努力学习,考试会不及格。
注意,由于 or 的意思是“否则,所以当它前面的祈使句改写成条件状语从句时,谓语动词要用否定式。又如:
Hurry up, or you’ll be late. 快点,否则你就要迟到了。
=If you don’t hurry, you’ll be late. 你若不快点,你就要迟到了。
Beautiful Hometown 美丽的家乡
《时代周刊》评出2019年十佳电影,每一部都想看!
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