宾语从句学习指要

 
宾语从句学习指要
 
用来充作宾语的句子叫做宾语从句。如：
He asked what you were doing last night. 他问你昨天夜晚在干什么。http://yingyu.chazidian.com
I didn’t know that he was wounded in the accident. 我原来不知道他在那事故中受了伤。
Can you explain why he didn’t come to the party last Sunday?  你能解释上周星期日他为什么没有来参加聚会吗？
在宾语从句中须注意：
1. that 在口语中常被省略，但在正式的文体中，不能省；并且它一般不能引导介词的宾语从句，但可引导except, but, in 等少数介词的宾语从句。如：
I didn’t know (that) he was Li Lei. 我不知道他就是李蕾。
I will do anything I can to help you except that I’m ill. 只要我身体舒服，我愿做任何事情来帮助你。
2. 宾语从句之后带有补足语成分时，一般须用it作形式宾语，把宾语从句放到句末，此时的that不能省。如：
The boy has made it clear that they can’t play with his toys. 那个男孩已清楚的表明他们不能玩弄他的玩具。
3. 动词advise, ask, demand, desire, insist(坚决主张), order, propose, request, suggest(建议)等代的宾语从句须用虚拟语气，即：(should) do的形式。
He asked that we (should) get there before nine o’clock. 他要求我们在九点钟之前赶到那儿。
The teacher advised us that we (should) not waste our time. 老师劝告我们不要浪费时间了。
4. 宾语从句的时态与主句的时态须呼应。即(from http://yingyu.chazidian.com)：
1)当主句谓语动词的时态是现在时或将来时，从句的谓语动词可用任何所需要的时态表示。如：
He always says that he is our good friend. 他总是说他是我们的好朋友。
When the teacher knows what we have done, he will say that we have done a good deed. 当老师知道我们所干的事情时，他会说我们做了一件好事。
2)当主句谓语动词的时态为过去时，从句的谓语动词须用响应的过去时。如：
He didn’t tell us he came from Shanghai. 他没有告诉我们他来自上海。
He said he had read the book. 他说他读过这本书。
3)但当从句的内容是客观真理或客观事实，而不受时间的限制时，即使主句谓语动词为过去时，从句仍用一般现在时。如(from http://yingyu.chazidian.com)：
Chairman Mao said that all the imperialists are paper tigers. 毛主席说一切帝国主义者都是纸老虎。
When we were children, we were told that China is in the east of the world. 我们还是小孩子的时候，人们就告诉我们说中国在世界的东方。