谈谈“there be＋名词＋非谓语动词”

谈谈“there be＋名词＋非谓语动词”
 
1. there be+宾语+现在分词：现在分词表示主动关系，同时表示动作正在进行：
There is someone waiting for him. 有人在等他。http://yingyu.chazidian.com
There was a man standing in front of me. 我前面站着一个男人。
There were some children swimming in the river. 有些小孩在河里游泳。
There were a group of young people working in the fields. 有一群青年在地里劳动。
有时现在分词可表示一种状态：
There’s a piano standing against the wall. 靠墙有一架钢琴。
There’re a lot of difficulties facing us. 我们面前有很多困难。
There is a door leading to the garden. 有一座门通往花园。
有个别现在分词用于该结构时可以表示将来(正如它们可用进行时表示将来一样)：
There are ten people coming to dinner. 有10个人来吃晚饭。
 
2. there be+宾语+过去分词：过去分词表示一种被动关系，同时表示动作已经发生：
There is nothing written on it. 上面没写东西。
There were ten people killed in the accident. 事故中有10人丧生。
有时过去分词也可表示一种状态(可转换成被动结构)：
There were some old men seated (=who were seated) in the back. 有些老人坐在后面。
There is a red car parked (=which is parked) outside the house. 房子外边停着一辆红色汽车。
 



 
3. there be+宾语+不定式：不定式通常表示动作尚未发生：
There was nobody to look after the child. 没有人照顾这孩子。
There was a large crowd to send him off. 有一大群人要来给他送行。
There was so much to lose that we couldn’t take any risks. 可能会有很大的损失，因此我们不能冒险。
【注】当其中的宾语与其后的不定式为被动关系时，可用主动表被动，也可用被动式：
There is much work to do [to be done]. 有许多工作要做。
有时其中的不定式为系表结构：
There is nothing to be afraid of. 没什么可怕的。
What was there to be afraid of. 有什么可怕的?
There’s nothing to be ashamed of. 没有什么值得羞愧的。