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简单句的四种句型

发布时间:2014-04-16  编辑:查字典英语网小编

  在英语句型中,简单句可以分为:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。今天小编给大家带来简单句的四种句型,一起来看看吧!

  简单句的四种句型

  (一)陈述句

  1.肯定式

  2.否定式

  (1)加not构成的否定句

  (2)由no, hardly, never, nobody, nothing等构成的否定句。

  其中两者的全部否定用 neither或nor,部分否定用both +not.

  如: Neither of them knows French.

  Both of them don't know French. 

  三者或三者以上的全部否定用 none, nothing, nobody, no one等,部分否定用all, many, every加not构成

  如: None of these answers are right.All these books are not mine.

  (3)在某些句子中,按语意应放在that从句中的否定词not被移前到主句的谓语动词中,这种否定提前的情况用于think, believe, suppose等动词,如:I don't believe it will be very cold tomorrow. 

  (二)疑问句

  按结构可分为四种

  1.一般疑问句:

  (1)用Yes,No来回答的疑问句。

  (2)往往把be,助动词,情态动词置于句首。

  (3)在一般疑问句中,如果提问人对答案没有肯定或否定的意向,句中常用非肯定词,如:

  Is there anything wrong with your car?

  如果提问人对答案有肯定的意向,即希望得到肯定的回答,则在该用非肯定词的地方用肯定词,如: Would you like some drink?因此,在招待客人或向人表示乐意提供帮助时,通常用some代替any。 

  2.特殊疑问句:

  用疑问代词或疑问副词提问的句子,不用Yes,No回答。

  (1)疑问词作句子的宾语、状语、表语或修饰这三种成份时,用疑问词+一般疑问句,

  如: When will you go?

  (2)疑问词作主语或主语的定语时,与陈述句的顺序相同,

  如:

  Whose father works in Shanghai?

  Who is on duty today?

  3.反意疑问句

  (1)构成:陈述句 + 简略问句

  肯定    否定

  否定    肯定

  简略问句的主语与陈述句保持一致,只能用人称代词 (there除外),简略问句的谓语动词也与陈述句保持一致,如果是否定,一定要用简写。如:

  Jim isn't a student, is he?/There are some books in it, aren't there? 

  (2)陈述部分I'm...结构,疑问部分一般用aren't I,如:

  I'm late, aren't I?

  (3)陈述句中有little, few, no, never, nothing, nobody, hardly等词表示否定时,简略问句用肯定。

  (4)陈述句中有指物的不定代词nothing, something, anything时,简短问句中用代词it,陈述句中有指人的不定代词everyone, no one, someone, everybody, nobody, anybody时,简短问句中用代词he或they,如:Everyone is here, aren't they/isn't he?

  (5)陈述句的主语是指示代词this, that等时,疑问部分的主语在形式上与前者不同,但在逻辑上却与前者一致,如:This is very important, isn't it?

  (6)陈述部分如果是“I (don't) think (believe, suppose...)+宾语从句时,疑问部分中的动词和主语应与宾语从句中的主语和动词保持一致,如:I don't believe she knows it, does she?

  (7)含有情态动词must的句子表示猜测时,疑问部分与must后面部分一致,不能用mustn't,如:You must be tired, aren't you?当must表示“有必要时,疑问部分用needn't,如:You must go home right now, needn't you?当mustn't表示禁止时,疑问部分一般用must,如:

  You mustn't walk on grass, must you?

  (8)祈使句的反意疑问句

  肯定祈使句 +will you/won't you?

  否定祈使句 +will you?

  Let's...+shall we?(包括对方)

  Let us...+will you?(不包括对方)

  (9)感叹句的反意疑问句一律用否定式,并用be的一般现在时,如:

  What a lovely girl, isn't she?

  (10)前面否定后面肯定的反意疑问句在回答时,需根据其实际情况,实际情况是肯定的,则用Yes+肯定结构,实际情况是否定的,则用No+否定结构,如:

  — You can't speak English, can you?

  — Yes, I can(不,我会的)

  (11)关于“'d和“'s

  注意比较:

  He'd like a cup of tea, wouldn't he?/You'd better go now, hadn't you?

  He's never late for school, is he?/He's never been there, has he?

  4.选择疑问句:选择疑问句是用or连接询问的两部分,以供选择,答案必须是完整的句子或其省略形式,不能用Yes或No回答,如:Are you Jim or Tom?I'm Tom.

  (三)祈使句

  用以表示命令、请求或建议,主语通常省略。

  肯定式谓语用动词原形,否定式用“ Don't (Never)+动词原形,Stand up, please./Don't be afraid. 

  (四)感叹句

  用以表示快乐、痛苦等强烈感情的句子称为感叹句。

  感叹句有用 how或what开头的两种形式。

  1.How开头的感叹句

  (1) How+形容词(副词)+主语+谓语。如:

  How beautiful the flower is!

  (2) How修饰动词,句型是“How+主+谓,如:

  How I wish I could hear Beethoven himself play it!

  (3) How+形容词(副词),省略主语和谓语,如:

  How interesting(it is)!

  2.what开头的感叹句:

  (1)What+(a)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语,如:

  What a nice horse it is! What fine weather! What good news! 

  (2)What(a)+名词!

  What a pity! 

  简单句的四种句型由查字典英语网小编整理,仅供参考。

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