【小编编语】今天查字典英语网小编教给同学们的是英语语法:现在分词与动名词的区别,一起来学习下吧!
在英语动词的非谓语形式中,现在分词与动名词形式完全相同,都是由 动词原形加词尾-ing构成。但是它们之间有根本的区别,它们除了都具有动词特征以外,现在分词还具有形容词和副词特征,而动名词则具有名词特征。这种特征的区别却表现为句法功能的不同。前面已经介绍过,现在分词在句中可充当状语、补语(宾语补足语或主语补足语)、表语、定语;动名词在句中可充当主语、宾语、同位语、表语、定语。因此,现在分词与动名词的区别方法如下:
1.如果-ing形式在句中充当状语和补语,那么它一定是现在分词。例如:
Hearing the news,he got very excited.他得知这消息后非常兴奋。(hearing 作时间状语,是现在分词。)
I saw him going upstairs.我看到他上楼的。(going作宾语补足语,是现在分词。)
2.如果-ing形式在句中充当主语、宾语或同位语,那么它一定是动名词。例如:
Studying English is our task.学习英语是我们的任务。(studying作主语,是动名词。)
He likes playing football.他喜欢踢足球。(playing作宾语,是动名词。)
His ambition,conquering the whole world,was never fulfilled.他征服全世界 的野心从来没有实现。(conquering作同位语,是动名词。)
3.如果-ing形式在句中充当表语,-ing形式可能是现在分词,也可能是动名词。区分办法是:如果-ing形式相当于一个名词,与主语处于同等地位,可以与主语交换位置,那么它就是动名词;如果-ing形式相当于一个形容词,表示主语的性质或特征,不可以与主语交换位置,那么它就是现在分词。
例如:
His work is repairing bikes.他的工作是修理自行车。(该句可改为:Repairing bikes is his work.repairing为动名词。)
My hobby is collecting stamps.我的爱好是集邮。(该句可改为:Collectingstamps is my hobby.collecting为动名词)。
The novel is interesting.这本小说很有趣。(该句的表语与主语不能交换位置,interesting为现在分词。)
The football match is exciting.足球赛非常振奋人心。(该句的表语与主语不能交换位置,exciting为现在分词。)
4.如果-ing形式在句中充当定语,那么它可能是现在分词,也可能是动名词。区分办法是:如果被修饰的名词与-ing形式之间有逻辑主谓关系,那么-ing形式就是现在分词;否则,-ing形式是动名词。例如:
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