英语中不定式作状语的用法

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　　1) 目的状语

　　To… only to (仅仅为了), in order to, so as to, so(such)… as to… (如此……以便……)

　　He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.　他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。

　　I come here only to say good-bye to you.　我来仅仅是向你告别。

　　2) 作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。

　　What have I said to make you angry.

　　He searched the room only to find nothing.

　　3) 表原因

　　I'm glad to see you.

　　典型例题

　　The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to ___.

　　A. sit　 B. sit on　 C. be seat　 D. be sat on

　　答案：B.　如果不定式为不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。当动词与介词连用时，常位于"形容词+动词不定式"结构的末尾。

　　1) 目的状语

　　To… only to (仅仅为了), in order to, so as to, so(such)… as to… (如此……以便……)

　　He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.　他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。

　　I come here only to say good-bye to you.　我来仅仅是向你告别。

　　2) 作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。

　　What have I said to make you angry.

　　He searched the room only to find nothing.

　　3) 表原因

　　I'm glad to see you.

　　典型例题

　　The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to ___.

　　A. sit　 B. sit on　 C. be seat　 D. be sat on

　　答案：B.　如果不定式为不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。当动词与介词连用时，常位于"形容词+动词不定式"结构的末尾。

　　典型例题

　　1) ---- I usually go there by train.

　　---- Why not ___ by boat for a change?

　　A. to try going　 B.　trying to go　 C.　to try and go　 D.　try going

　　答案：D. why not 后面接不带to 的不定式，因此选D。

　　2) Paul doesn't have to be made ___. He always works hard.

　　A. learn　 B. to learn　 C. learned　 D. learning

　　答案：B. make后接不带to 的动词不定式，当其用于被动时，to 不可省略。

　　动词不定式的否定式

　　Tell him not to shut the window…

　　She pretended not to see me when I passed by. 我走过的时候，她假装没看见。

　　典型例题

　　1) Tell him ___ the window.

　　A. to shut not　 B. not to shut　 C. to not shut　 D. not shut

　　答案：B。 tell sb to do sth 的否定形式为tell sb not to do sth.

　　2)　She pretended ___ me when I passed by.

　　A.　not to see　 B. not seeing　　C. to not see　 D.　having not seen

　　答案：A。 pretend 后应接不定式。其否定形式为pretend not to do sth.。

　　3) Mrs. Smith warned her daughter ___ after drinking.

　　A. never to drive　 B. to never driver　C. never driving　 D. never drive

　　答案：A。warn sb to do sth. 的否定形式为warn sb not to do sth. 此处用的是否定词never.

　　4) The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street，but his mother told him ____.

　　A. not to　　B. not to do　　C. not do it D. do not to

　　答案：A。not to 为not to do it 的省略形式。可以只用to这个词，而不必重复整个不定式词组。及物动词do后应有名词、代词等，否则不对，因此B，D不对。

　　5) The patient was warned ___ oily food after the operation.

　　A. to eat no　 B. eating not　 C. not to eat　D. not eating

　　答案：C。warn一词要求后用不定式，此处为不定式的被动，否定形式为be warned not to do。

　　不定式的特殊句型too…to…

　　1) too…to　 太…以至于…

　　He is too excited to speak. 他太激动了，说不出话来。

　　---- Can I help you ? 需要我帮忙吗?

　　---- Well, I'm afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it, but thank you all the same.　不用了。这箱子太重，恐怕你搬不动。谢谢您。

　　2) 如在too前有否定词，则整个句子用否定词表达肯定， too 后那个词表达一种委婉含义，意 为"不太"。

　　It's never too late to mend.　(谚语)　改过不嫌晚。

　　3) 当too 前面有only, all, but时，意思是：非常… 等于very。

　　I'm only too pleased to be able to help you. 我非常高兴能帮助你。

　　He was but too eager to get home. 他非常想回家。

　　不定式的特殊句型so as to

　　1) 表示目的;它的否定式是so as not to do。

　　Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job.　汤姆对事故保持沉默是为了不丢掉他的工作。

　　Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby. 轻点进去，别惊醒了婴儿。

　　2) so kind as to ---劳驾

　　Would you be so kind as to tell me the time? 劳驾，现在几点了。

　　不定式的特殊句型Why not

　　"Why not +动词原形"表达向某人提出建议，翻译为："为什么不……?" "干吗不……?"

　　例如：Why not take a holiday?　干吗不去度假?