【小编编语】今天查字典英语网小编教给同学们的是高中英语祈使句用法小结,一起来学习下吧!
一、祈使句的分类
祈使句分为第二人称祈使句,第一、三人称祈使句,还有一些不定代词祈使句共三大类。
1.第二人称祈使句通常是用来向听话人发出命令、提出要求或建议的。这种祈使句的第二人称主语you通常省略,用动词原形开头。如:
Get out of here!滚开!
Look here!注意!
2.第一、三人称祈使句是以第一人称、第三人称或者名词等作为祈使句的对象,这类祈使句通常以let为引导词。基本结构:Let me go.但有时前面也可以加do,以加强语气。如:
Do let me go.一定让我去。
3.有时所表示的主语可以是everybody,somebody,anybody,nobody等不定代词。如:
Stand up,everybody!全体起立!
Give me a hand,anybody!帮我一把,任何人都行!
祈使句除用谓语动词表示外,还可用名词、形容词、副词等。如:
Help!救人!
Patience!要有耐心!
Careful!小心!
Quickly!快!
Hands up!举起手来!
二、祈使句的附加疑问句
祈使句之后可用附加疑问句,并不是与祈使句构成反意,而是加强语气,无论其前是否定还是肯定的祈使句,多用will you,表示一种客气的语气。如:
Don’t tell anyone,will you?你可不要告诉任何人啊。
但在肯定的祈使句之后有时也使用won’t you,多表示“提醒对方注意。如:
Tell me the truth,won’t you?你可要告诉我实情啊。
以Let’s开头的祈使句,其附加部分为shall we或shan’t we;以Let us开头的祈使句,其附加部分为will you。试比较:
Let’s go out for a walk,shall we?
Let us have another try,will you?
三、祈使句的否定形式
1.对于第二人称的祈使句,只要在整个句子结构之前加Don’t或Never即可,即使祈使句有主语,也是如此。如:
Don’t you open the door!
Don’t be deceived by his looks!
不定代词的祈使句也是如此。
2.第一、三人称的祈使句的否定形式除了以Don’t开头之外,还可以把否定词not置于动词不定式之前,但有时这两种否定形式会有不同的意思,在交际中究竟采取哪种形式恰当,需要根据语境来决定。试比较:
Let him not come.It’s all the same to me.Don’t let him come.It’s dangerous here!
第一句话表明说话人语气冷淡,他来不来无所谓。而第二句话则表明了说话人的一种担忧,进而坚决要求他不要来。不同的语气和感情,通过两种不同形式的否定,表现得淋漓尽致。常见祈使句的几种形式
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