“It”的用法

　　查字典高中英语为您整理英语语法“It的用法：

　　1)指事物，人(不明性别或何人时)，婴孩、动物(不提性别)或昆虫等。

　　例："Where is my watch, dear?"

　　(我的手表在哪儿，亲爱的?)

　　"I saw it in your drawer last night."

　　(昨晚我看到它在你的抽屉里。)

　　例："Who is it?"

　　(是谁?──如敲门时，不明对方的性别或何人。)

　　"It's me, Peter."

　　(是我，彼得。)

　　例：Mrs. Huang had a baby last night.It weighs 4 kilos.

　　(黄太太昨夜生了一个婴儿，体重达四公斤。)

　　例：What's that?

　　(那是什么?)

　　It's a silkworm.

　　(是蚕。)

　　(2)表达时间、日期、季节、天气、距离、环境等。

　　例："What time is it?"-"It's five to twelve."

　　(几点钟了?──现在是十一点五十五分。)

　　例："What's the date?"-"It is the third of October."

　　(今天几录溉眨咯ぉそ裉焓鞘氯铡#?br> 例：It is very hot in summer.

　　(夏天的天气都是很热。)

　　例：How far is it from here to the station?

　　(这里到车站有多远?)

　　例：I like it here very much.

　　(我很喜欢这里的环境。)

　　(3)表达强调

　　句型It +be…+that(who)…

　　例：It was Paul that (who) broke the window.

　　(=Paul broke the window.)

　　(打破了窗的人是保罗。)

　　解说 "It… that…"是表达强调的正常句式，但是若强调点是"人"，则使用"It…who…"也很普通。本句式可用于一个句子中的任何强调点，例如：

　　例：Peter met Helen and Bill at the theater yesterday.

　　→It was Peter who met Helen and Bill at the theater yesterday.

　　(昨天在戏院看到海伦和比尔的人是彼得。)

　　→It was Helen and Bill that Peter met at the theater yesterday.

　　(昨天彼得在戏院所遇见的人是海伦和比尔。)

　　→It was at the theater that Peter met Helen and Bill yesterday.

　　(昨天彼得遇见海伦和比尔的地点是戏院。)

　　→It was yesterday that Peter met Helen and Bill at the theater.

　　(彼得在戏院遇见海伦和比尔的时间是昨天。)

　　(4)形式主语

　　例：It is shameful the way he behaves himself before girls.

　　(他在女生面前的举止真叫人脸红。)

　　例：It is easy to find fault with others.

　　(批评别人是容易的。)

　　例：It is wrong for you to speak ill of her.

　　(你讲她的坏话是不对的。)

　　例：It is a great convenience living / to live in a big city.

　　(住在大城市里事事都方便。)

　　例：It is surprising that she should have married a farmer.

　　(她居然和农民结婚实在令人意想不到。)

　　解说 上面各例句都可以把"It"所代表的实际主语移到句首来，例如：

　　The way he behaves himself before girls is shameful.

　　To find fault with others is easy.

　　虽然如此，现代英语仍以"I…"较普通。

　　(5)形式宾语

　　例：I consider it wrong to cheat in an examination.

　　(我认为考试作弊是不对的。)

　　例：Don't you find it a waste of time watching television too much?

　　(你不觉得电视看得太多是浪费时间吗?)

　　例：I thought it strange that Jack should have had so much money to spend these days.

　　(我觉得杰克近日来会有这么多的钱可花费是一件奇怪的事。)

　　解说 本句式都用于有宾语补语的不完全及物动词的句子，"it"代表着宾语补语之后的实际宾语(不定式、动名词、或that-clause)。本句式的实际宾语不可以移入"it"的位置而把"it"省略。常可用本句式来表达的不完全及物动词有：

　　find(发现，觉得)，think(想，觉得)，believe(相信)，consider(认为)，make，take，etc.

　　(6)"it"可以代表前述的短语或句子

　　例：Don't let your children play with matches or lighters.It is dangerous.

　　(不要让你的小孩们玩火柴或打火机。那是危险的。)

　　例："Jim can solve that puzzle."

　　(吉姆能解答那个谜题。)

　　"I don't believe it."

　　(我不相信。)

　　(7)"it"常作非人称动词的主语

　　例：It happened that I was there then.

　　(碰巧当时我也在场。)

　　例：It appears that he'll be elected.

　　(他像是会当选的样子。)

　　例：It occurred to me then that I had an appointment with her that evening.

　　(当时我突然想起来我本来和她在当天晚上有约会。)