状语(adverbial)是句子的重要修饰成分。状语是谓语里的另一个附加成分,它附加在谓语中心语的前面,从情况、时间、处所、方式、条件、对象、肯定、否定、范围和程度等方面对谓语中心进行修饰或限制。
如:At night, I don't go out very often., 此句中at night, very often都是状语
介宾短语作状语是填空题的重要考点,若空格处或空格所在部分之后是完整的主谓句,且两部分之间多以逗号隔开,若选项中无从句结构或分词,此时空格处需填入介宾短语作状语。
例题:
(1)
----irritating effect on humans, the use of phenol as a general antiseptic has been largely discontinued.
(A) Its
(B) Where its
(C) Since its
(D) Because of its
答案:D
解释:此句主干完整, 主语是the use of phenol as a general antiseptic, 谓语是has been largely discontinued, 逗号之前应是状语. A构成名词短语, 与该句主语发生冲突; B、C欲构成从句, 但缺少从句的谓语动词; D恰好构成表示原因的状语, 短语because of 之后常接名词或动名词表原因, 如: He failed the exam because of his carelessness.
(2)
----a child, sculptor Anne Whitney showed an eager intellect and artistic talent that her parents recognized and encouraged.
(A) Has been
(B) It was while
(C) She was
(D) As
答案:D
解释:此句主干完整, 主语是sculptor, 谓语动词是showed, 之后是带有定语从句的宾语, 需填入状语. A、B、C 中的has been、was与showed相冲突, 违背谓语唯一原则. 介词词组As a child 相当于When she was a child.
(3)
.----, snakes frequently subdue their prey without injecting poison.
(A) Contrary to general belief
(B) General belief contrary to
(C) Belief contrary to general
(D) Contrary belief general to
答案:A
解释:给出部分是完整的句子, 从选项中可见此处缺少状语, be contrary to是固定词组, 表示“与……相反, 介词to后需接宾语, 只有A符合上述条件
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