英语语法：同义句转换

　　同义句转换是中考英语的常考题型，综合考察学生的单词，语法，短语，习惯用语等的掌握程度，要求运用所学的词汇、语法知识和句型结构填写句子，使句子结构完整、逻辑合理、语法知识无误、意思与所给句子相同。下面讲解下同义句转换的九种类型。

　　五、运用不同引语进行转换

　　即将直接引语变为间接引语或将间接引语转换成直接引语。此时还要注意相关时态、人称、动词、状语等相应的变化。如：

　　1. “I’ve found my wallet, he said to me.

　　He _________ me that he _________ _________ his wallet.

　　分析：答案为told，had found。此题是将直接引语转换成间接引语。

　　2. “Did you see her last week? he said.

　　He _______ _______ I had seen her the week _______.

　　分析：答案为asked if/ whether, before。此题是将疑问句的直接引语转换成间接引语。

　　七、运用并列句与复合句之间的转换

　　即将并列句变成同义的复合句或将复合句变成同义的并列句。如：

　　1. Come on, or we’ll miss the early bus.

　　____ we ____ hurry, we’ll miss the early bus.

　　分析：答案为If，don’t。if引导条件状语从句。

　　2. The man gave us a talk last week. Now he will give us another talk this week.

　　The man _____ gave us a talk last week _____ _____ us another talk this week.

　　分析：答案为who/ that，will give。who/ that gave us a talk last week为定语从句，修饰先行词the man。

　　三、运用不同语态进行转换

　　即运用主动语态与被动语态的变化来转换同义词，但此时要特别注意时态、动词一致性。如：

　　1. Everyone should give back his library books on time.

　　Library books should____ ____ ____ on time.

　　分析：答案为be given back。被动句中含有情态动词should，因此助动词用be。

　　2. It is widely accepted that more people use computers in the world today.

　　Computers ____ widely ___ in the world today.

　　分析：答案为are，used。computers是复数名词，助动词用are。

　　八、运用关联连词连接或合并句子

　　即运用关联连词both…and…，neither…nor…，either…or…，not only…but also…等将两个简单句合并为一个简单句。此时要注意的是，both…and…连接两个主语时，谓语总是用复数，而neither…nor…，either…or…，not only…but also…连接两个主语时，谓语动词通常应与靠近的主语保持一致。如：

　　1. Tom can’t speak Japanese well and Jim can’t, either.

　　______ Tom ______ Jim can speak Japanese well.

　　分析：答案填Neither，nor。neither…nor…表示“……和……(两者)都不，刚好与原句的两个否定结构的意思相吻合。

　　2. Alice has read the book and Peter has read it, too.

　　______ Alice ______ Peter have read the book.

　　分析：答案为Both，and。both…and…的意思是“……和……(两者)都。

　　3. This store sells men’s shoes, and it also sells men’s clothes.

　　This store sells ______ ______ men’s shoes ______ ______ men’s clothes.

　　分析：答案为not only，but also。表示“不仅……而且……之意。

　　一、运用同义词(组)进行转换

　　用同义词或同义词组对原句中的某些词或词组进行替换，注意转换后的词或词组的词形变化要与句子其他成分相适应。如：

　　1. That day we could see flowers here and there.

　　That day we could see flowers __________.

　　分析：答案为everywhere。everywhere与here and there都表示“到处。

　　2. The teacher always takes good care of the children in the school.

　　The teacher always_______ ______the children well in the school.

　　分析：答案为looks after。take good care of与look after…well都表示“好好照顾。

　　二、运用反义词(组)的否定式进行转换

　　即用反义词或词组的否定式表达与原句相同的意思，主要考查学生对反义词(词组)的积累和换位思维的能力。如：

　　1. It’s clear that this visit is different from last time.

　　It’s clear that this visit is not the___ ___last time.

　　分析：答案为same as。be different from意为“与……不同;the same as意为“与……相同，其否定式与be different from同义。

　　2. I think wealth is less important than health.

　　I ___ think wealth is ___ important than health.

　　分析：答案为don’t，more。less important的意思是“没有(不及)……重要;more important的意思是“(比)……更重要，该结构与not连用，则表示“不比……更重要。

　　另外，有的反义词即使不与否定词连用，而只需改变句子结构也可构成同义句。如：

　　He lent some money to his friend.

　　He friend ___ some money ___ him.

　　分析：答案为borrowed，from。borrow…from意为“向……借……;lend…to意为“把……借给……。两个结构意思相反，但若变换“借出者与“借入者的位置，则可转换为同义句。

　　九、利用某些典型句式或结构进行转换

　　这类典型结构如so…that…，too…to…，enough to，not…until…，so do I等。如：

　　1. Jim wants to go boating and his parents want to go boating, too.

　　Jim wants to go boating, and ______ ______ his parents.

　　分析：答案为so do。句意为“……他的父母也一样(一样想去)。

　　2. John went to bed after he finished his homework.

　　John ______ go to bed ______ he finished his homework.

　　分析：答案为didn’t，until。not…until意为“直到……才。

　　四、非延续性动词与延续性动词的相互转换

　　即非延续性动词与延续性动词进行转换，此时往往会涉及时态的变化。如：

　　1. The manager left two hours ago.

　　The manager _____ ____ ____ for two hours.

　　分析：答案为has been away。leave为非延续性动词，不能与for two hours这样的一段时间连用，而改成be away这样的延续性动词后，则可连用一段时间。

　　2. The film began five minutes ago.

　　The film has been _____ _____ five minutes.

　　分析：答案为on for。has been提示时态是现在完成时态，“for+时间段表示“持续(一段时间)，常用在含有现在完成时态的句子里。

　　3. Mr Li joined the Party twenty years ago.

　　Mr Li _____ _____ _____ the Party for twenty years.

　　答案：has been in。短暂动词join，意为“参加、加入(组织，政党)，不能与延续时间状语连用，与延续性时间状语连用时，将join改成be in或be a member in…。

　　六、运用简单句与复合句之间的转换

　　即将简单句变成同义的复合句或将复合句变成同义的简单句。如：

　　1. We didn’t go out for a walk because it was raining.

　　We didn’t go out for a walk _______ _______ the rain.

　　分析：答案为because of。将原因状语从句because it was raining改为表示原因的介词短语because of the rain。

　　2. He was so excited that he couldn’t go to sleep.

　　He was ______ ______ ______ go to sleep.

　　分析：答案为too excited to。将so…that…换成too…to…结构，原句的that从句为结果状语从句，改写句中的不定式仍表结果。

　　3. Now I will show you how to do the work.

　　Now I will show you ______ ______ ______ do the work.

　　分析：答案为how you can。即将原句中的“疑问词+不定式结构转换成宾语从句。

　　4. You should put them back after you use them.

　　You should put them back _____ _____ them.

　　分析：答案为after using。即将after引导的状语从句改写为after引导的介词短语。