中学生出国留学利弊几何

近两年来，内地在大学生出国留学热度不减的同时，一些大城市尤其是沿海大城市的中学校园“托福”热升温，兴起了中学生出国留学热。在南方一些城市，办理出国留学的中学生占所有出国人员的百分之七十到八十。

In the past two years, while the popularity of studying abroad for college students in the mainland has not decreased, the popularity of "TOEFL" in middle schools in some big cities, especially in coastal cities, has increased, and the popularity of studying abroad for middle school students has arisen. In some cities in the south, 70-80% of all students studying abroad are middle school students.

中学生出国留学热何以兴起，其原因是多方面的。一部分人先富起来，每年支付孩子十万元到二十万元人民币的留学费用已不成问题。二是国内升学和就业竞争压力加大，中学生要面对中考、高考的激烈竞争，相当多的家长担心孩子如果考不上重点中学，就会导致考不上好大学，最终影响就业和前途。三是教育市场国际化，外国学校看好中国市场。

There are many reasons why the popularity of middle school students studying abroad is rising. Some people get rich first. It's no problem to pay 100000 yuan to 200000 yuan for their children to study abroad every year. Second, the pressure of the competition for entrance to higher education and employment in China is increasing. Middle school students have to face the fierce competition of the entrance examination and the college entrance examination. Many parents worry that if their children fail to go to the key middle school, they will fail to go to a good university, which will eventually affect their employment and future. Third, the education market is internationalized, and foreign schools are optimistic about the Chinese market.

据北京市教委有关部门证实，去年北京有五千多名公民办理了出国留学手续，其中以北大、清华等着名学府学生居多；其次是高中生，他们倾向于去欧美国家，如美国、英国、瑞士、新西兰、爱尔兰、德国、芬兰以及澳大利亚。在过去的三年里，申请在英国读本科的中国学生数量增长了近十倍，成为全球申请英国留学人数最多的国家之一；而初中生则倾向于去韩国、日本等国家。

According to the relevant departments of Beijing Municipal Education Commission, more than 5000 citizens in Beijing went through the formalities of studying abroad last year, most of them were students from famous universities such as Peking University and Tsinghua University, followed by high school students, who tend to go to European and American countries, such as the United States, Britain, Switzerland, New Zealand, Ireland, Germany, Finland and Australia. In the past three years, the number of Chinese students applying for bachelor's degree in the UK has increased nearly tenfold, becoming one of the countries with the largest number of students applying for studying in the UK in the world; while junior high school students tend to go to South Korea, Japan and other countries.

王瑶出国前在一所普通中学上初三，成绩处于上游，但考上重点高中还得使很大的劲。对于自己的未来，她想得不多，“爸爸妈妈都有自己的公司，即便考不上大学，将来的出路也没什么问题，日子照样会过得挺舒服。所以父母帮我联系到英国读书时，我真觉得无所谓，让去就去呗。直到我到了伦敦，开始了独自一个人在外语学校学习的生活，才发现离家后的日子有多难。我是通过一所中介公司出去的，满以为会被安排得好好的，结果与事先说好的有很大出入，住宿和学习条件都不理想。那时，我每天醒来都大哭一场，也吵着要回家。后来妈妈反覆跟中介交涉，给我换了一所学校，又亲自来看我。折腾了几个月，我也就不再想回国的事了，只能既来之，则安之。努力适应这里的生活，争取能考上大学。”

Before going abroad, Wang Yao went to junior high school in an ordinary middle school, and her score was at the top, but she had to make great efforts to enter the key high school. For her future, she didn't think much about it. "Mom and dad all have their own company. Even if they can't go to college, there's no problem in the future. Life will still be very comfortable. So when my parents help me to contact the UK, I really think it doesn't matter. Let's go. It wasn't until I arrived in London and started to study in a foreign language school by myself that I found out how difficult it was after I left home. I went out through an intermediary company, full of the expectation that I would be well arranged. The result is quite different from what I said in advance, and the accommodation and study conditions are not ideal. At that time, I woke up every day and cried loudly to go home. Later, my mother repeatedly negotiated with the agency, changed a school for me, and came to see me in person. After a few months of tossing and turning, I no longer want to go back to China. I can only settle down if I come. Try to adapt to the life here and try to get into university. "

对女儿的现状，王瑶的母亲有些无奈：女儿刚走那阵子，一来电话就是她在那边哭，我在这边哭，想想孩子小小年纪事事都得靠自己就心疼。当初说服自己狠下心来让女儿出去，主要是考虑她出生时正遇上生育高峰，将来就业势必也会遇上高峰，如何让她在将来的竞争中占有优势呢？读名牌大学是个不错的选择，但以其当时的学习成绩，与其在国内花钱读个一般大学，索性不如走出国门去镀层金。像王瑶这样稀里胡涂出国的人不少，他们往往没有足够的精神准备，当站在异国他乡的土地上，才发现独立生活原来是这样艰难。

Wang Yao's mother was helpless about her daughter's current situation: when her daughter just left, she was crying over there when she called, and I was crying over here. When I think about the child's young age, I have to rely on myself for everything. At the beginning, I persuaded myself to go out to let my daughter out, mainly considering that when she was born, she was in the peak of childbirth, and her employment is bound to meet the peak in the future. How can I make her have an advantage in the future competition? It's a good choice to go to a famous university, but with its academic achievements at that time, it's better to go abroad to deposit gold than to spend money on a general university in China. There are many people like Wang Yao who go abroad without enough mental preparation. When they stand on the land of other countries, they find it difficult to live independently.

不少人向往国外宽松、灵活、务实的基础教育，但有一点不能忽视，即无论多么先进的教育体系也无法取代家庭的教育和亲情。家庭是孩子成长最重要、最亲切的环境，过早送孩子出国学习，使孩子相当长时间生活在一个陌生的环境中，失去了父母的支持、监督与帮助，对其身心的健康发展会有影响。

Many people yearn for loose, flexible and practical basic education abroad, but one thing can not be ignored, that is, no matter how advanced the education system can not replace family education and affection. Family is the most important and cordial environment for children's growth. Sending children abroad to study early will make them live in a strange environment for a long time. Without the support, supervision and help of their parents, their physical and mental health will be affected.

此外，家长还要考虑文化环境的问题。十四五岁的孩子头脑中的许多观念还不成熟，较容易融入异域文化中，又缺乏分辨是非的能力，他们一旦到了另一种文化环境中学习、生活，势必会面临从价值观念到行为方式的一系列冲突，而这时家长又不在身边，不能及时给予正确的引导，如果孩子的自控能力较差、意志薄弱，有可能误入歧途。果真如此，岂不是得不偿失？

In addition, parents should also consider the cultural environment. Many concepts in the minds of 14-5-year-old children are not mature, they are easy to integrate into foreign cultures, and they lack the ability to distinguish right from wrong. Once they study and live in another cultural environment, they are bound to face a series of conflicts from values to behavior. At this time, the parents are not around, and they cannot give correct guidance in time. If the children's self-control ability Poor, weak willed, may go astray. If so, isn't it worth it?

有鉴于此，专家忠告那些急于出国的中学生和家长：年龄太小不要急着留学，最好在国内大学毕业后，考取了托福再出国留学。这样一来可以减轻家庭负担，二是大学毕业后掌握了一门专业，可以有更加明确的攻读方向，三是大学毕业后会有较强的生活能力，心理和生理更加成熟，在挫折面前有较强的承受能力。

In view of this, experts advise those high school students and parents who are eager to go abroad: don't rush to study abroad when they are too young. It's better to study abroad after graduation from domestic universities after taking TOEFL. In this way, the family burden can be reduced. Secondly, after graduating from University, they have mastered a major and can have a more clear direction of study. Thirdly, after graduating from University, they will have a stronger ability to live, have a more mature psychology and physiology, and have a stronger ability to bear setbacks.