孔子办学

话说大教育家孔子活到了20世纪90年代，仍干着“传道、授业、解惑”的工作。这一方面是为了发挥余热，另一方面也是为生计考虑。

It is said that Confucius, a great educator, lived to the 1990s and still worked on "preaching, imparting knowledge and solving puzzles". On the one hand, it is to make full use of residual heat, on the other hand, it is also for livelihood consideration.

晚年的孔子混得并不潇洒。尽管他曾出过国、讲过学、着过书而且知名度也颇高，但终因不懂英语、不懂俄语、不懂日语，外语职称考试总是过不得关，所以在大学里总是评不上教授、副教授，最后只好灰溜溜地退了休。

Confucius in his old age didn't mix well. Although he has ever been abroad, spoken, studied, and read books, and has a high reputation, but eventually because he does not know English, Russian, or Japanese, the foreign language title examination is always too late to pass, so in the University, he is always unable to evaluate the professor or Associate Professor, and finally has to retire in disgrace.

孔子退休以后，闭门思量多日，最后回到故乡，重操旧业办私学，既托亲朋好友，又到银行贷款，最后凑了数百万元，创办了孔氏中学。学校挂牌那天，当地政界要员和其他社会名流都纷纷登门祝贺，当地报纸还发了头版头条。由于孔子的号召力很大，生源不错，聘来的教师水平也高，再加上孔子的教育思想得到了很好的贯彻，孔氏中学的教育质量不错，升学率也一年高过一年。每到招生时节，更是门庭若市，热闹非凡。

After his retirement, Confucius thought for many days behind closed doors, and finally returned to his hometown to go back to private school. He not only entrusted his family and friends, but also went to the bank for loans. Finally, he collected millions of yuan and founded Kong middle school. On the day of the school's listing, local politicians and other celebrities all came to the door to congratulate, and local newspapers also made headlines. Due to Confucius' great appeal, good student resources, high level of hired teachers, and Confucius' education thought has been well implemented, the education quality of Confucius middle school is good, and the enrollment rate is higher than one year. When it comes to enrollment, it's even more crowded.

历史的车轮转到了20世纪末的某一天，主管单位来电话，召孔子赴教育局开会，传达上级指示私立学校也要实施素质教育，不能再搞“应试教育”，私立学校也要减轻学生课业负担，不能再搞题海战术。

The wheel of history turned to one day at the end of the 20th century. The competent department called Confucius to the Education Bureau for a meeting, to convey the instructions of the higher authorities that the private schools should also carry out quality-oriented education, and should no longer carry out "exam oriented education", and the private schools should also reduce the burden of students' schoolwork, and should no longer engage in subject naval warfare.

由于这次会议很重要，县里的一位领导也到会讲了话。这位有些盛气凌人的年轻领导说，“‘减负’是一件大事，不能麻痹大意，公立学校和私立学校都要抓好这项工作。我们一定要转变观念。过去，孔夫子在《论语》一开篇就强调‘学而时习之，不亦说乎’，是有道理的。学习确实需要反复温习，反复温习的目的是为了有所得，是为了温故而知新。但如果不加限制地一味让学生‘习’下去、‘温’下去，那不是加重学生的课业负担吗？所以，我今天郑重建议，‘习’的次数能不能限定在五六次？你们一定要两手抓，两手都要硬，一手抓升学率，一手抓‘减负’。县里统一规定，小学生作业量每日不得超过一小时，如果谁加重课业负担让学生喝了农药上了吊，教师开除，校长撤职，学校关门，还要追究刑事责任！”

As the meeting was very important, a leader of the county also spoke at the meeting. "Reducing the burden" is a big thing, and we should not be careless. Both public and private schools should do a good job in this work. We must change our ideas. In the past, Confucius' emphasis on learning and learning at the beginning of the Analects was reasonable. Learning really needs repeated review. The purpose of repeated review is to gain something and to learn from the past. But if we let students' study 'and' warm 'go on without restriction, wouldn't it increase the students' academic burden? So, I seriously suggest today, can we limit the number of 'learning' to five or six times? You must grasp both hands, both hands must be hard, one hand must grasp the rate of enrollment, the other hand must grasp "reducing the burden". According to the county's unified regulations, the amount of homework for primary school students should not exceed one hour a day. If anyone increases the burden of schoolwork and lets students drink pesticides and hang, the teacher is dismissed, the principal is dismissed, the school is closed, and criminal responsibility should be investigated! "

说实话，孔子还在大学任教时，就对中小学生课业负担过重有所耳闻。自己回乡创办私立学校以后，也一再告诫任课教师不要加重学生课业负担，要在事半功倍上下工夫，他甚至不再在公开场合宣传自己的那句“学而时习之，不亦说乎”的名言。

To be honest, when Confucius was still teaching in the University, he heard about the heavy burden on primary and secondary school students. After he returned to his hometown to establish a private school, he also repeatedly warned the teachers not to increase the burden of students' schoolwork, and to work hard with half the effort. He even stopped publicizing his famous saying "learning while learning is not too much.".

可孔子的话现在不管用，孔氏中学的教师搞的是聘任制，后来还顺应时代潮流实行学生选老师。家长一门心思想的是送子女考中专，考大学，考研，出国留学。谁能帮助子女考试取得好成绩，谁就是受学生爱戴、家长拥护、社会尊重的好老师。要是哪个老师搞改革、搞“减负”，把学生的成绩和学校的升学率减下去了，家长们一千个不赞成、一万个不答应，甚至会群起攻之，强烈要求学校让这位教师“下岗”。所以，孔氏中学的教师暗地里都较着劲，纷纷使出看家本领抓升学率。胆大的教师甚至公开对孔子说：“孔校长，您还是先把教育质量抓上去再说吧。孔氏中学要是一年到头考不了几个中专生和大学生，谁还到您这里来上学呀？”孔子想想也有道理，升学竞争太激烈了，不重视升学率也不行啊，所以也就睁了一只眼闭了一只眼，没有太把“减负”这事当回事了。

However, Confucius's words do not work at present. The teachers of Kong's middle school engage in the appointment system, and later follow the trend of the times to choose teachers from students. Parents have a mind to send their children to take the entrance examination of secondary school, University, postgraduate entrance examination and study abroad. Who can help their children to achieve good results in examinations is a good teacher loved by students, supported by parents and respected by the society. If any teacher reforms and "reduces the burden" and reduces the student's grades and the school's enrollment rate, a thousand parents will not agree, ten thousand will not agree, or even attack together, and urge the school to "lay off" the teacher. Therefore, the teachers of Kong's middle school are secretly more active, and they have made great efforts to pay attention to the enrollment rate. The brave teacher even said to Confucius in public, "President Kong, you'd better improve the quality of education first. If Kong's middle school can't test a few technical secondary school students and college students all year round, who will come to your school? " Confucius thought that it was also reasonable. The competition for admission to higher education was too fierce, and it was not good to pay attention to the rate of admission, so he opened one eye and closed the other. He did not take the "burden reduction" seriously.

这回孔子可不敢大意了，从教育局一回来，就立即召开了全校教师大会，如此这般地传达了上级指示，并把有关文件照本宣科地高声诵读了一遍，最后明确表态，在这个问题上不能与上级对着干，一定要把学生的负担减下来，谁要是在这个问题上出了事，就“格杀勿论”，绝不心慈手软。

Confucius didn't dare to be careless this time. As soon as he came back from the Education Bureau, he immediately held the teachers' meeting of the whole school, so as to convey the instructions of his superiors, and read the relevant documents aloud according to the book. At last, he made it clear that he could not confront his superiors on this issue, so he must reduce the burden of students. If anyone had any problems on this issue, he would "kill them Don't talk about it. "Never be soft hearted.

孔校长表了“硬”态，那些招聘来的教师自然不敢公开反对。有些暗地里炒股的青年教师放声高呼：“呜呼，咱们解放了！”从此，孔氏中学早晨听不到读书声，下午难见教师的影，晚上也不开日光灯了。

President Kong shows a "hard" attitude, and those teachers who are recruited naturally dare not object publicly. Some of the young teachers who secretly speculated in the stock market shouted: "whoops, we are liberated!" From then on, Kongs middle school could not hear the sound of reading in the morning, could not see the teacher's shadow in the afternoon, and could not turn on the fluorescent lamp in the evening.

学生的负担是减下去了，家长的意见却多起来了。有位也是县领导的家长甚至当面质问孔子：“在升学率的问题还没有解决好的时候，你‘减’什么‘负’呀？你的孔氏中学办不办得下去是小事，孩子们的前途可是大事。老孔啊，你得想个万全之策啊。”

The burden of students has been reduced, but the opinions of parents have increased. One of the parents, who was also the leader of the county, even asked Confucius in person, "when the problem of the enrollment rate hasn't been solved, what's the" negative "of your" reduction "? It's a small matter whether your Kong middle school can do it or not. The future of the children is a big matter. Old Kong, you have to think of a perfect plan. "

这万全之策孔子是想不出来的。他唯一想做的是，一手抓“减负”，一手抓教育质量的提高，但这谈何容易啊。就拿因材施教来说吧，这的确是提高教育质量的好办法。可是，过去孔子搞的是小班教学，搞了几十年教育，才带了3000个弟子，也只出了70个贤人。可如今孔氏中学一年就要招进3000个学生，而教师才100来人，哪有时间、精力和能力去因材施教啊！再说，不搞因材施教，孔氏中学一年也要考1000多个大学生呢。

Confucius can't think of this all-around strategy. The only thing he wants to do is to focus on "reducing the burden" and improving the quality of education, but it's not easy. Let's take individualized teaching as an example. It's really a good way to improve the quality of education. However, Confucius used to teach in small classes. After decades of education, he brought 3000 students and only 70 sages. But now Kongs middle school will recruit 3000 students a year, and only 100 teachers. How can we have the time, energy and ability to teach students according to their aptitude! Besides, if we do not teach students in accordance with their aptitude, more than 1000 college students will be admitted to Kongzi middle school every year.

家长的意见越来越大，使出来的对策也越来越多：有路子的家长让子女转了学：有票子的家长为子女请了家教；有房子的家长把房子租出去给人家办补习班，让自己的子女做旁听：既没有路子，也没有票子，又没有房子的家长，干脆让子女辍了学。

Parents have more and more opinions, so there are more and more countermeasures: parents who have the way let their children transfer to school; parents who have the ticket ask their children for tutors; parents who have the house rent the house to others to do remedial classes, and let their children attend: parents who have neither the way nor the ticket nor the house simply let their children drop out of school.

孔氏中学的学生在一天天减少，孔氏中学的老师也在一天天减少。那些有本事抓升学率的老师已被那些暗地里不搞“减负”的学校高薪聘走了，留下来的不是退休返聘的，就是临近退休的，或者是翅膀不硬的。

The number of students and teachers in Kongs middle school is decreasing day by day. Those teachers who have the ability to grasp the enrollment rate have been hired by those schools that do not engage in "load reduction" secretly. Those who stay are either retired or close to retirement, or those with weak wings.

历史的车轮又转了两年，孔氏中学不得不关门大吉。有趣的是，当地那家曾在头版头条报道孔氏中学开办这一消息的报纸，这回还是用头版头条发了孔氏中学关门的消息，并且有意在三版头条刊登了孔子撰写的论文《论“减负”的七大关系》。

After another two years of turning the wheel of history, Kong's middle school had to close down. Interestingly, the local newspaper that once reported the opening of Kongzi middle school on the front page used the front page headline to send the news that Kongzi middle school was closed, and intended to publish Confucius' paper "on the seven relationships of" reducing load "on the front page.

在这篇长达5000字的论文中，孔子认为，在新形势下，要科学而有效地落实“减负”精神，必须处理好“减负”与质量的关系，学生负担要减轻，教育质量要提高，必须处理好“减负”与职责的关系，学生的负担要减轻，教师的责任要增强，素质要提高；必须正确处理过重负担和合理负担的关系，过重的负担一定要减下去，合理的负担一点也不能减；必须正确处理减轻课业负担和减轻心理负担的关系，过重的课业负担一定要减下去，过重的心理负担更要减下去；必须正确处理“减负”与考试检测的关系，学生负担要减轻，考试标准要革新；必须正确处理“减负”与传统教育思想的关系，“减负”是现代改革的潮流，但对传统教育思想中的合理内核，比如勤学苦练、温故知新不能全盘否定；必须正确处理家庭、学校、社会的关系，实行综合治理，坚决杜绝学校“减负”、家长“增负”的现象。

In this 5000 word paper, Confucius believed that in order to scientifically and effectively implement the spirit of "burden reduction" in the new situation, we must deal with the relationship between "burden reduction" and quality, reduce the burden of students, improve the quality of education, deal with the relationship between "burden reduction" and responsibility, reduce the burden of students, enhance the responsibility of teachers and improve the quality, and correctly handle the problem To manage the relationship between excessive burden and reasonable burden, the excessive burden must be reduced, and the reasonable burden cannot be reduced at all; the relationship between reducing the burden of schoolwork and reducing the psychological burden must be handled correctly, the excessive burden of schoolwork must be reduced, and the excessive psychological burden must be reduced; the relationship between "reducing burden" and examination and testing must be handled correctly, and the burden of students should be reduced, and the examination should be conducted The test standard should be innovated; the relationship between "reducing load" and traditional education thought must be correctly handled; reducing load is the trend of modern reform, but the reasonable core of traditional education thought, such as diligent study and hard practice, learning from the past and learning from the new, cannot be totally denied; the relationship among family, school and society must be correctly handled, comprehensive governance must be implemented, and "reducing load" in school and "increasing load" in parents must be resolutely eliminated The phenomenon.

孔氏中学停办或者说是倒闭后的半年里，人们很难见到孔子的踪影。有人说孔子在卧床养病，有人说孔子在写回忆录《孔氏中学》，也有人说孔子被另外一家不搞“减负”的私立学校聘走了，还有人说孔子正在申办一所新的私立学校。

In the six months after the closure of Kongzi middle school, it is hard to see Confucius. Some people say that Confucius is sleeping in bed to recuperate, some say that Confucius is writing his memoir "Kongzi middle school", some say that Confucius has been hired by another private school that does not engage in "burden reduction", others say that Confucius is bidding for a new private school.