漫谈诗词中的雪与花

清者乐雪，雅者乐花。

Clear music snow, elegant music flower.

雪与花，特别是梅花，像是孪生姐妹，若即若离，有着种种微妙的关系，在历代文人墨客的笔下，交相辉映，尽显丰姿。

Snow and flowers, especially plum blossom, are like twin sisters. They are inseparable and have various subtle relationships. Under the pen of the literati of all ages, they are full of beauty.

人们常以花喻雪，谈到下雪，总说是雪花飘舞。雪还素有“六出梅花”的美名。以雪喻花就更寻常，苏州梅花出名，早春时节，千树皆白，暗香浮动，人称“香雪海”。刘禹锡《杨柳枝》中有这样的句子：“昨来风起花如雪，飞入宫墙不见人。”

People often use flowers as a metaphor for snow. When it comes to snow, they always say that snow is dancing. Snow is also known as "six plum blossom". It's more common to use snow as a metaphor for flowers. Suzhou plum blossom is famous. In early spring, thousands of trees are white and fragrant. It's called "fragrant snow sea". In Liu Yuxi's willow branch, there is a sentence like this: "yesterday, the wind blew flowers like snow, and no one was seen flying into the palace wall."

既然互为本体与喻体，雪和花似乎令人难以分辨了。然而，富有哲理的宋诗，还是巧妙的区别出它们。“墙角数枝梅，凌寒独自开。遥知不是雪，为有暗香来。”是王安石的《梅花》诗吧。是的，雪有雪的优点，梅有梅的长处。卢梅坡《雪梅》说：“梅雪争春未肯降，骚人阁笔费评章。梅须逊雪三分白，雪却输梅一段香。”

Since they are ontologies and metaphors, snow and flowers seem to be indistinguishable. However, the philosophic Song poems are cleverly distinguished from each other. "There are several plum trees in the corner of the wall. Ling Han is alone. It's not snow to know from afar, because there's a dark fragrance. " It's Wang Anshi's plum blossom poem. Yes, snow has the advantages of snow and Mei Youmei. Lu Meipo's "snow plum" said: "the plum and snow fight for spring, but they are not willing to fall, so the poet's court comments on the fees. The plum blossom is not as white as the snow, but the snow loses the fragrance of the plum. "

话虽如此，雪与花还是互相搀杂了对方的特点。从王禹称《春居杂兴》“荞麦花开白雪香”句中可见，雪香未必不如花香。而周邦彦《浪淘沙慢》中所描绘的“恨春去不与人期，弄夜色，空余满地梨花雪”，告诉我们花白也未必逊于雪白。

Even so, snow and flowers mingle with each other's characteristics. It can be seen from Wang Yu's sentence "buckwheat blossoms with white and snowy fragrance" in "spring living in miscellaneous prosperity", that snow fragrance is not necessarily inferior to flower fragrance. But Zhou Bangyan's "slow waves washing sand" describes that "hate spring to go with no one, make the night, and leave a lot of pear blossom snow", which tells us that the white is not necessarily inferior to the white.

落雪与落花，由于季节的因素，却令人产生截然不同意境。落花的时候，是李后主《清平乐》中的“砌下落梅如雪乱，拂了一身还满”，教人伤怀。落雪的时候，是岑参《白雪歌送武判官归京》中的“忽如一夜春风来，千树万树梨花开”，教人奋进。

Falling snow and falling flowers, due to the factors of season, make people have different artistic conception. When the flowers fall, it's the story of "laying the fallen plum in disorder like snow, brushing the whole body full" in "qingpingle" by Empress Li, which teaches people how to grieve. When the snow falls, it is Cen Shen's "white snow song to send judge Wu back to Beijing" that "suddenly, like a night of spring breeze, thousands of trees and thousands of pear blossom", which teaches people to forge ahead.

还是李煜在《浪淘沙》中悲叹：“流水落花春去也，天上人间。”黯然销魂者，落花岂非亦有份？可是毛泽东《咏梅》中的落雪却带来“风雨送春归，飞雪迎春到。已是悬崖百丈冰，犹有花枝俏”的结果。可见和雪关系最恰的，也只有梅花。同样是主席诗，《冬云》中写道：“梅花欢喜漫天雪。”又有韦庄《浣溪纱》：“暗想玉容何所似？一枝春雪冻梅花，满身香雾簇朝霞。”在寒冬，幸亏有梅与雪做伴才让大地还有生气，也幸亏有雪衬托才显现得出梅的高洁。卢梅坡另一首《雪梅》诗云：“有梅无雪不精神，有雪无诗俗了人。日暮诗成天又雪，与梅并作十分春。”

Or Li Yu in the "waves and sands" lamented: "the flow of flowers and spring also, heaven and earth." Is not falling flowers also a part for those who are lost? However, the falling snow in Mao Zedong's Yongmei brings "wind and rain send spring back, flying snow welcome spring.". It's the result of hundreds of feet of ice on the cliff, but there are still beautiful flowers. It can be seen that the most appropriate relationship with snow is only plum blossom. It is also the chairman's poem, "winter cloud" wrote: "plum blossom is full of joy and snow." There is Wei Zhuang's "Huanxi yarn": "I wonder where the jade looks like? A branch of plum blossom is frozen in spring snow, full of fragrance and mist. " In the cold winter, it is thanks to the company of plum and snow that the earth is still alive. It is also thanks to the snow that the beauty of plum appears. Another poem of "snow plum" by Lu Meipo said: "there is no spirit of snow without plum, and there is no poetry without snow. It's snowy all day, and it's very spring with plum. "

雪与花，还都可以传达物是人非的心境，这一点，中外诗句相映成趣。法国诗人维庸问：“去年之雪今安在？”感叹人事苍茫。而中国诗人崔护，却在《题都城南庄》中吟咏：“人面不知何处去，桃花依旧笑春风。”也是充满了怀旧的思绪。

Snow and flowers can also convey the mood of things and people's differences, which makes Chinese and foreign poems interesting. French poet Wei Yong asked, "where is the snow of last year?" Sigh the boundless human resources. However, Cui Hu, a Chinese poet, chanted in Nanzhuang, the capital of the poem: "people don't know where to go. Peach blossom still smiles in spring." Also full of nostalgic thoughts.

风花雪月，也许太缠绵了些，却是人间纯真的情感。所以，我亦乐雪，我亦乐花。

Wind, flowers, snow and moon, may be too lingering, but it is the pure emotion of the world. So I also like snow and flowers.