扇子的文化

扇子是人人爱好的玩物。扇子的应用始于很早的时候，大约在晋代之前就使用了。传至今日，它的形式并没有多大的变化。最普通的有纨扇、折扇、葵扇、芭蕉扇等。其制作也很有讲究，纨扇制作之精致，与粗俗的蒲扇实在是有天壤之别，纨扇好比北平的少奶奶，蒲扇则好比山村里淳朴的山民。

Fans are a hobby for everyone. The application of fans began very early, about before the Jin Dynasty. To this day, its form has not changed much. The most common ones are Wan fan, folding fan, sunflower fan, banana fan, etc. Its production is also very exquisite. The exquisite production of Wan fan is quite different from the vulgar Pu fan. Wan fan is like the little grandma of Peiping, and Pu fan is like the simple mountain people in the village.

在古代，扇子为女子所喜爱，她们使用扇子绝不仅仅用来扇风除汗。她们或装饰，或蔽丑，或撒娇，或嬉戏，或寄情。

In ancient times, fans were loved by women. They were not only used to remove sweat. They either decorate, or cover up the ugly, or coquetry, or play, or love.

扇子在我国古代的诗词中常有提及。唐代诗人王昌龄有“奉帚平明金殿开，且将团扇共俳徊。玉颜不及寒鸦色，犹带昭阳日影来”之诗。是写宫廷妇女不见王之苦，拿着团扇怅望徘徊。杜牧有“银烛秋光冷画屏，轻罗小扇扑流萤。天阶夜色凉如水，坐看牵牛织女星”。扇子本是夏天用来挥风取凉的，秋天就没有用了所以古诗里常以秋扇比喻弃妇。《水浒传》中有：“赤日炎炎似火烧，野田禾苗半枯焦。农夫心内如汤煮，公子王孙把扇摇。”这是用扇子来表示贵族们生活之安逸。

Fans are often mentioned in ancient Chinese poems. Wang Changling, a poet of Tang Dynasty, said that "the golden palace of pingming was opened with a broom, and the fan group was wandering in haiku. The jade face is not as bright as the jackdaw, so it still brings the sun shadow of Zhaoyang. It's about the suffering of the palace women who don't see the king, holding the fan and wandering. Du Mu has "silver candle autumn light cold painting screen, light Luo small fan fluttering firefly.". The sky steps are as cool as water at night. Sit and watch the morning glory and Vega. The fan was originally used to wave the wind in summer to get cool, but it was useless in autumn. Therefore, in ancient poetry, autumn fan is often used as a metaphor for abandoned women. In the outlaws of the marsh, "the sun is burning like fire, and the grass in the field is half scorched.". The farmer's heart is like soup, the prince and the grandson shake their fans. " This is the use of fans to show the ease of life of nobles.

在我国古典戏曲中，有许多故事情节与扇子有关，如《西游记》《红楼梦》《包公案》等；还有许多就以扇子为戏名的，如《桃花扇》《买花扇》《檀香扇》等。西洋戏剧也有以扇子为戏名的，如话剧《少奶奶的扇子》，就用珍贵的羽扇来表示女主人的性情。

In Chinese classical opera, there are many plots related to fans, such as journey to the west, a dream of Red Mansions, the case of Baogong, etc. there are also many famous ones, such as peach blossom fan, flower buying fan, sandalwood fan, etc. Western dramas are also famous for fans, such as the drama "fan of little grandma", which uses precious feather fans to express the heroine's temperament.

挥扇，显得有儒雅之气(譬如诸葛亮)。古代文人还喜欢在扇子上题字画画，既避免了扇面的单调，又增加了雅趣。唐寅、郑板桥就留下大量的作品。

Waving the fan, it seems to have the air of elegance (such as Zhuge Liang). Ancient literati also like to inscribe and draw on fans, which not only avoids the monotony of fans, but also adds elegance. Tang Yin and Zheng Banqiao left a lot of works.

扇子还有其他的用处。交际时做礼物，恋爱时来寄情，商店中做广告，大热天遮太阳……《南齐书》中记载：“渊人南，以腰扇障日。”唐宋之问诗曰：“且握青纨扇，时将日影遮。”

Fans have other uses. Make gifts when socializing, send love when falling in love, advertise in stores, cover the sun in hot days In the book of the Southern Qi Dynasty, it is recorded that "people in the south of the abyss fan the sun on their backs." Tang and song asked the poem: "and hold the green Wan fan, when the sun shade."

小小的扇子，却蕴藏着深厚的东方文化的精蕾，正应了那句“一粒沙里看世界”的哲语。

A small fan, however, contains the essence bud of profound oriental culture, which is exactly the philosophy of "looking at the world in a grain of sand".