三峡水库建成的利与弊

三峡工程首要的建设目标是防洪，使荆江大堤的防洪能力由十年一遇提高到百年一遇。

The primary construction goal of the Three Gorges project is flood control, so that the flood control capacity of Jingjiang levee will be increased from once in ten years to once in 100 years.

三峡工程总装机容量1820万千瓦。年发电量达847亿千瓦时，将给沿江的工业城镇和广大地区提供廉价而清洁的电力。这是三峡工程最主要的直接经济效益，也是三峡工程建设的充分条件。

The total installed capacity of the Three Gorges project is 18.2 million kilowatts. With an annual generating capacity of 84.7 billion kwh, it will provide cheap and clean power for industrial towns and vast areas along the river. This is the main direct economic benefit of the Three Gorges Project and the sufficient condition for the construction of the Three Gorges Project.

三峡水库的形成，改善了峡谷河段的航道，万吨级船队有半年时间可以直达重庆，通航能力可从现在的每年1000万吨提高到5000万吨，而且可降低航运成本30%~37%。

The formation of the Three Gorges reservoir has improved the channel of the canyon reach. The 10000 ton fleet can reach Chongqing for half a year. The navigation capacity can be increased from the current 10 million tons per year to 50 million tons, and the shipping cost can be reduced by 30% - 37%.

建成后的三峡工程，作为中国的大西南同东部沿海经济发达地区有机联系的纽带，以其巨大的综合效益，必将有力地带动和促进长江流域的经济发展和腾飞。这对加快我国现代化建设进程，提高综合国力具有重要意义。

The Three Gorges project, as an organic link between Southwest China and the developed coastal areas in the East, will promote the economic development and take off of the Yangtze River basin with its huge comprehensive benefits. It is of great significance to speed up the process of China's modernization and improve the comprehensive national strength.

三峡工程及市场机遇。三峡工程规模宏大。它由世界最大规模的水库移民工程，世界最大规模的拦河大坝、水力发电厂房、通航建筑物以及大规模的远距离输变电工程组成。

Three Gorges Project and market opportunities. The Three Gorges project is of great scale. It is composed of the world's largest reservoir resettlement project, the world's largest river dam, hydropower plant, navigation building and large-scale long-distance power transmission and transformation project.

三峡工程巨大的建筑规模，给中国长江流域乃至全国的建筑业、材料工业、机械电气制造业以及电力、信息产业提供一个不小的市场机会，也促进这一地区和全国的经济发展。

The huge construction scale of the Three Gorges Project provides a great market opportunity for the construction industry, material industry, mechanical and electrical manufacturing industry, electric power and information industry in China's Yangtze River Basin and even the whole country, and also promotes the economic development of this region and the whole country.

三峡工程需要当今世界的最新技术，也将为国际工程界、机械、电气、电子信息界提供一个不可忽视的市场。

The Three Gorges project needs the latest technology in the world. It will also provide a market that cannot be ignored for the international engineering, mechanical, electrical and electronic information fields.

关于水库移民。水库移民搬迁约达100万人口，需要重建家园。水库淹没区都是沿江比较贫穷的地区，大量移民资金的投入对这个地区来说是一个新的发展机遇。“开发性移民”的移民方针将促进库区经济繁荣。动迁库区100万人口换得下游尤其是荆江地区1500万人口和2300万亩耕地的安全保障，从政治、社会、经济等任何一个角度看都是合理的。这就是为什么兴建三峡工程能得到库区人民的拥护和支持的原因。

About reservoir migration. About one million people have been relocated from the reservoir, and they need to rebuild their homes. The reservoir inundated areas are all poor areas along the river. The investment of a large number of migration funds is a new development opportunity for this area. The migration policy of "development migration" will promote the economic prosperity of the reservoir area. It is reasonable from any point of view of politics, society and economy to move 1 million people in the reservoir area to get the security of 15 million people and 23 million mu of cultivated land in the downstream, especially in Jingjiang area. This is why the construction of the Three Gorges project can get the support of the people in the reservoir area.

水库诱发地震与库岸稳定

Reservoir induced earthquake and bank stability

诱发地震研究对三峡水库分段进行评价的基本结论是：从坝址至庙河长16公里的结晶岩低山丘陵库段，岩体完整性好，历史和现今有感地震活动稀少，蓄水后不排除发生浅源小震，最大震级预计不大于里氏4级；自庙河至白帝城长142公里的碳酸盐岩峡谷库段，可能发生岩溶性的水库诱发地震，最大震级也不超过里氏4级；白帝城以上以砂岩、泥岩为主的库段，无大断裂通过，岩体透水性弱，不具备发生水库诱发地震的条件。

The basic conclusion of the evaluation of the Three Gorges Reservoir in the study of induced earthquake is: from the dam site to the 16km long low mountain and hill reservoir section of crystalline rock in Miaohe, the integrity of rock mass is good, the historical and current sensible earthquake activities are rare, the occurrence of shallow source small earthquakes is not excluded after impoundment, and the maximum magnitude is expected to be no more than 4 on Richter scale; the 142 km long carbonate Canyon reservoir section from Miaohe to Baidicheng may occur The maximum magnitude of the reservoir induced earthquake is no more than 4 on the Richter scale. The reservoir section above Baidi city is mainly composed of sandstone and mudstone. There is no large fault passing through, and the water permeability of the rock mass is weak, so there is no condition for the reservoir induced earthquake.

根据长期的地质勘测研究和水库诱发地震研究成果，三峡坝区和库区地壳稳定，均不孕育发生严重地震的地质背景。三峡水库蓄水后，虽不排除发生水库诱发地震的可能性，但从高估计，影响到坝区的最高地震烈度不会超过VI度，不会影响按Vll度设防的主要建筑物的安全。

According to the long-term geological survey and research results of reservoir induced earthquake, the crust of the Three Gorges dam area and the reservoir area is stable, and there is no geological background for serious earthquake. After the impoundment of the Three Gorges reservoir, although the possibility of reservoir induced earthquake is not excluded, the highest seismic intensity affecting the dam area will not exceed VI degree from the high estimate, and will not affect the safety of the main buildings fortified according to Vll degree.

三峡水库库岸主要由坚硬岩石和半坚硬岩石构成，大的断层不多，新构造运动和地震活动也不强烈，因而库岸总体稳定性是好的。但三峡河段岸坡在长江河床下切的过程中，在岸坡上发生一些崩塌和滑坡，属于河流发育过程重点正常自然现象。历史上曾有发生，水库蓄水后也有可能继续发生。经查明，库区岸坡分布有大于100万立方米的大型崩滑、危岩体共284个，总体积约30亿立方米。其中稳定性差和较差、蓄水后可能失稳的大型崩滑体共64个，总体积3．4亿立方米，即使全部失稳滑塌入水库，对水库库容和寿命也无实质性的影响。距大坝26公里以内的库段，不存在可能失稳的大型崩滑体，故可能发生的库岸崩滑不会影响枢纽建筑物的安全。三峡水库蓄水后，由于水位抬高，水深加大，可能发生库岸局部的滑坡和崩塌，不会影响航道通航。水库蓄水后，可能受库岸局部滑塌影响较大的是库岸的新老城镇和居民。因此，要充分重视移民新城镇和集中居民点选址的地质条件，同时要建立对可能失稳的崩滑体的监测和预报工作。

The reservoir bank of the Three Gorges reservoir is mainly composed of hard rock and semi hard rock, with few large faults and weak neotectonic movement and seismic activity, so the overall stability of the reservoir bank is good. However, some landslides and collapses occurred on the bank slope of the Three Gorges River during the undercutting process of the Yangtze river bed, which is a key natural phenomenon in the river development process. It has happened in history and may continue to happen after the reservoir impoundment. It is found that there are 284 large-scale landslides and dangerous rocks with a total volume of about 3 billion cubic meters distributed on the bank slope of the reservoir area. Among them, there are 64 large-scale landslides with poor stability and possible instability after impoundment, with a total volume of 340 million cubic meters. Even if all the landslides fall into the reservoir, there is no substantial impact on the reservoir capacity and service life. In the reservoir section within 26 km from the dam, there is no large-scale sliding mass that may lose stability, so the possible bank sliding will not affect the safety of the pivotal buildings. After the impoundment of the Three Gorges reservoir, due to the elevation of water level and the increase of water depth, local landslides and collapses may occur on the reservoir bank, which will not affect the navigation of the channel. After the reservoir impoundment, the new and old towns and residents may be greatly affected by the local collapse of the reservoir bank. Therefore, it is necessary to pay full attention to the geological conditions for the location of new towns and concentrated residential areas, and at the same time, it is necessary to establish the monitoring and prediction work for the possible unstable landslides.