莲文化

莲花是多么的伟大！历史悠久，把历史和现代熔为一体。莲花这么宝贵大家一定要保护它！

What a great Lotus! It has a long history and integrates history and modernity. Lotus is so precious, we must protect it!

花，大家一听到这个词就会想到‘一尘不染’‘出水芙蓉’……这几个词。

Flowers, when you hear this word, you will think of "spotless" and "lotus in water" These words.

莲属化石发现于北美北极地区和亚洲阿穆尔河流（即黑龙江）的白垩纪及欧洲和东亚（库页岛）。分布在亚洲、大洋州北部者为中国莲（Nelumbo nucifera），漂迁至北美洲的为美洲莲（N。lutea）古植物学家还研究指出，在日本北海道、京都发掘的更新世至全新世（200万年前）的莲化石，和现代的中国莲相似；在中国柴达木盆地发掘的1000万年前荷叶化石，和现代中国莲相似。70年代中国石油化学工业部石油勘探开发规划研究院与中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所《渤海沿海地区早第三纪孢粉》一书记载：在辽宁省盘山、天津北大港、山东省垦利、广饶及河北省沧州等地发现有两种莲的孢粉化石。第三纪热带植物地理区内的我国海南岛琼山长昌盆地地层中，也发现有莲属植物的化石。现我国黑龙江省扶远、虎林、同江、尚志等县的湖沼地，仍有原始野生莲分布。莲花的历史跟我们的恐龙差不多！

The lotus fossils are found in the North American Arctic and the Cretaceous of the Amur River (Heilongjiang) in Asia, and in Europe and East Asia (Sakhalin Island). Nelumbo nucifera is distributed in the north of Asia and Oceania, and N is migrated to North America. Lutea) paleobotanists also pointed out that the Pleistocene to Holocene (2 million years ago) lotus fossils excavated in Hokkaido and Kyoto, Japan, are similar to those in modern China; the lotus leaf fossils excavated 10 million years ago in Qaidam Basin, China, are similar to those in modern China. In the 1970s, according to the book "palynology of the early Tertiary in the coastal area of Bohai Sea" published by the petroleum exploration and Development Planning Institute of the Ministry of petrochemical industry of China and Nanjing Institute of Geology and palaeontology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, two kinds of palynological fossils of lotus were found in Panshan, Liaoning Province, Beidagang, Tianjin, Kenli, Guangrao, Shandong Province and Cangzhou, Hebei Province. The fossils of liana are also found in the strata of Changchang basin, Qiongshan, Hainan Island, China. At present, in Fuyuan, Hulin, Tongjiang, Shangzhi and other counties of Heilongjiang Province, there are still primitive wild lotus. The history of lotus is similar to that of our dinosaurs!

莲花有很多品种，比如说：

There are many kinds of lotus, such as:

1。北京传统栽培品种。单瓣花型。花蕾桃形，绿色，上部红色，花白色。花开较早，6月上旬始花，群体花期1个月左右。结藕较早。7月下旬，将新藕二次翻盆，花期可延续到10初左右。有自然变异的红娃莲和粉娃莲。

1. Beijing traditional cultivar. Single petal pattern. Bud peach shaped, green, upper red, white. The florescence of the population is about one month. Early coupling. In late July, the new lotus root will be turned over again, and the flowering period can continue to about the beginning of 10. There are natural variations of red and pink lotus.

2。厦门传统栽培品种。单瓣花型。花蕾桃形，绿色，尖部带红色，花粉白色，初开时类端微红。6月上旬始花，群体花期1个月。其花瓣细长，花托细小，叶茂花繁，极易开花。

2. Xiamen traditional cultivar. Single petal pattern. The flower bud is peach shaped, green, with red tip, white pollen, and reddish like tip when it is first opened. The flowers begin in the first ten days of June, and the florescence of population is one month. Its petals are long and thin, its receptacle is small, its leaves are luxuriant and flowers are numerous, and it is easy to blossom.

3。广泛栽培的著名品种。重瓣花型。花蕾圆桃形，紫红色，着花较多，花红色。6月中旬始花，群体花期1个月。花色鲜艳，盆栽易开花。

3. A well-known variety widely cultivated. Double petal pattern. The flower bud is round and peach shaped, purplish red, with more flowers and red flowers. The flowers began to bloom in the middle of June, and the florescence of population was one month. The flowers are bright, and potted plants are easy to blossom.

4。古老的碗莲品种。重瓣花型。花蕾圆桃形，粉红色，花粉白色，花瓣尖端边缘为红色。着花较繁，6月下旬始花，群体花期1个月，盆栽极易开花。

4. An ancient variety of Chinese lotus. Double petal pattern. The flower bud is round peach shaped, pink, and the pollen is white. The tip edge of the petal is red. The flowers are more numerous. They begin to bloom in late June, and the group flowering period is 1 month. Potted plants are easy to bloom.

5。浙江杭州花圃选育。植株矮小。单瓣花型。花蕾长桃形，绿色，花小，白色。非常适于在盆、碗中栽培。开花多，群体花期从6月中旬至8月中旬。

5. Breeding of flower garden in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. The plant is short. Single petal pattern. The flower buds are peach shaped, green, small and white. It is very suitable for cultivation in pots and bowls. The florescence of the population was from the middle of June to the middle of August.

莲花有很多品种，这只是莲花品种中的一个小小的一部分，更多的品种需要大家去发现！

There are many varieties of lotus, this is only a small part of the lotus varieties, more varieties need to be found!

莲花在很多地方都很出名，观看莲花的季节最好是夏天。观看莲花也有许多胜地。著名的有杭州西湖、济南大明湖、山东微山湖、湖北洪湖、湖南洞庭湖、扬州瘦西湖、河北白洋淀、承德避暑山庄、广东肇庆七星岩、台湾台南县白河镇等处。在这些地方，你都可以看到荷花的芳容，领略到“红衣翠扇映清波”的美景。

Lotus is famous in many places. The best season to watch lotus is summer. There are many places to see Lotus. Famous places include Hangzhou West Lake, Jinan Daming Lake, Shandong Weishan Lake, Hubei Honghu, Hunan Dongting Lake, Yangzhou thin West Lake, Hebei Baiyangdian, Chengde summer resort, seven star rock in Zhaoqing, Guangdong, Baihe Town, Tainan County, Taiwan, etc. In these places, you can see the beauty of lotus and appreciate the beautiful scenery of "red clothes and green fans reflecting the waves".

莲花诗佛国的象征和圣花。大家都知道寺庙里通常有佛祖释迦牟尼的坐像，他身穿通肩大衣，手持说法印，结跏趺坐在莲花台上，佛经说，这是释迦佛祖修道成佛后向信徒们讲经说佛的姿态。称为“西方三圣”之首的阿弥陀佛也结跏趺坐在莲台上，双手仰掌足上，掌中托着一个莲台，似乎在指引众生通往西方佛国净土；以大慈大悲闻名的观音，身穿白衣，坐在白莲花上，一手持着一只净瓶，一手执着一朵白莲，仿佛在表露观音怀着的一颗纯洁的菩萨心，全力引导信徒脱离尘世，到达荷花盛开的净土。在翻读佛经典籍时，人们又常常会见到佛经把佛国称为“莲界”，把寺庙称为“莲舍”，把和尚的袈裟称为“莲服”，把和尚行法手印称为“莲华合掌”，至于和尚手中使用的“念珠”有的也是用莲子串成。佛经说，用莲子做念珠比用槐木珠要好，同样掐念一遍，所得之福，可多千倍。

Lotus poetry is the symbol and holy flower of Buddhism. As we all know, there are usually Buddha Sakyamuni sitting in the temple. He is wearing a full shoulder coat, holding a saying seal, and sitting on the lotus platform. According to the Sutra, this is the posture of Sakyamuni telling the believers about the Buddha after he became a Buddha. Amitabha Buddha, the head of the "three saints of the west", also sits on the lotus platform with his hands on his hands and feet, holding a lotus platform in his hands, which seems to guide all living beings to the pure land of Western Buddhism. Guanyin, famous for great compassion, sits on the white lotus in white clothes, holding a clean bottle and holding a white lotus in one hand, as if he is showing a pure Bodhisattva heart of Guanyin To guide the believers to get out of the world and reach the pure land where the lotus blooms. When reading the Buddhist scriptures, people often see that the Buddhist scriptures call the Buddhist kingdom "the lotus realm", the temple "the Lotus House", the monk's cassock "the lotus suit", and the monk's practice hand print "the lotus flower palms". Some of the "beads" used by the monks are also strung with lotus seeds. According to the Sutra, it is better to use lotus seeds as beads than locust wood beads. If you recite them again, you will get thousands of times more blessings.

莲花是多么的伟大！历史悠久，把历史和现代熔为一体。莲花这么宝贵大家一定要保护它！

What a great Lotus! It has a long history and integrates history and modernity. Lotus is so precious, we must protect it!