继上周重启逆回购后,央行8月6日再度小幅度释放流动性,以利率招标方式开展120亿元7天期逆回购。这是在经历了“钱荒”风暴后连续第三次逆回购操作。
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China's central bank continued to inject liquidity into the banking system on Tuesday, with 12 billion yuan ($1.96 billion) of 7-day reverse repurchase agreement (repo) operations.
中国央行周二继续向银行系统注入流动性,展开120亿元 央行“注入流动性” (to inject liquidity)就是提高货币供应量,即人们俗话说的“印钞票”。这个流动性指的是整个“宏观经济”(macro economy)的流动性,也就是在经济体系中“货币投放量”(the size of money supply)的多少。2007-2008年的“流动性过剩”(excess liquidity)就是指有过多的货币投放量,于是就有了“经济过热”( overheated economy )的现象及“通货膨胀”(inflation)的危险。
央行注入流动性主要通过三大“货币政策工具” (monetary policy tools):公开市场业务(open market operation, OMO)、贴现率(discount rate)、存款准备金率(reserve requirement ratio, RRR)。其中,公开市场业务主要是指央行在市场上买卖债券,最近央行展开的“逆回购” (reverse repurchase agreement/ reverse repo)就属于公开市场业务的一种,指的是央行向商业银行“购买有价证券”(to purchase securities),这样一来市场上流通的债券就少了,而央行支付给债券卖方的现金多了,这就注入了流动性。
据专家分析,央行的这次举动是为了“引导降低市场借贷成本”(to guide the market borrowing costs to a lower level),但并不意味着会改变“稳健的货币政策”(prudent monetary policy),央行只是在“微调货币政策”( to fine-tune monetary policy)以实现更加稳定的增长。
相关阅读
什么是“汇率中间价”?
汇率“微调” rate fine-tuning
什么是“逆回购”?
什么是“货币供应量”
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