奥巴马和罗姆尼在对华贸易问题上相互指责

President Barack Obama used a campaign trip to the industrial Midwest─where he and Republican challenger Mitt Romney are battling for working-class votes─to showcase the U.S. escalation of the trade fight with China, accusing Beijing of unfairly subsidizing its auto-sector exports.

美国总统奥巴马(Barack Obama)利用他在美国中西部地区的竞选活动，向外界展示美国决意升级美中贸易战的态度。奥巴马指责北京对汽车出口行业提供了不公平的补贴。美国中西部地区以工业为主，奥巴马和美国共和党总统候选人罗姆尼(Mitt Romney)正在该地区争取工人阶级的选票。

Mr. Obama announced in Ohio on Monday that the administration had lodged a new complaint against China at the World Trade Organization, the international arbiter of trade disputes. China launched its own challenge Monday of a U.S. tariff law.

奥巴马周一在俄亥俄州宣布，美国政府已经向世界贸易组织(World Trade Organization, 简称：WTO)提起一项针对中国的申诉。而中国周一也对美国关税法修订法案提出申诉。WTO是国际贸易纠纷的仲裁机构。

'These are subsidies that directly harm working men and women on the assembly lines in Ohio and Michigan and across the Midwest.' Mr. Obama said. 'It is not right. It is against the rules. And we will not let it stand.'

奥巴马说：这些补贴直接损害了俄亥俄州、密歇根州以及整个中西部地区在组装线上工作的劳工阶层的利益。这是不对的，这违反了有关规则。我们不会让这种情况延续。

Mr. Romney, who recently sharpened his criticism of Mr. Obama as weak on China, described the president's move as 'too little, too late.'

罗姆尼则说奥巴马的举措来得太迟，力度太校罗姆尼近来加大对奥巴马的抨击力度，称其对中国的态度过于软弱。

The latest trade disputes between the world's two largest economies came almost seven weeks before the presidential election. Both candidates have made China's trade practices an issue as they compete for votes in the industrial Midwest, a region deeply affected by Beijing's economic rise.

全球前两大经济体之间最近爆发的贸易争端距离美国总统大选开始还有近七周的时间。在以工业为主的中西部地区争取选票时，奥巴马和罗姆尼双双拿中国的贸易做法说事。中国在经济上的崛起给美国中西部地区带来了深刻影响。

China's handling of its auto sector is a leading concern of U.S. labor unions, an important constituency for Mr. Obama and other Democrats. But the allegation of unfair Chinese trade practices also has resonance in several states with manufacturing hubs, including Michigan, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin and Ohio

中国补贴汽车出口企业的做法是美国工会组织关切的首要问题，而美国工会组织是奥巴马和其他民主党人非常看重的一个选民团体。但针对中国采取不公平贸易做法的指控在多个拥有制造业中心的州引发共鸣，其中包括密歇根州、宾夕法尼亚州、威斯康星州和俄亥俄州。

Ohio is a critical state for Mr. Romney, whose path to victory would be significantly more difficult without it. A Wall Street Journal/NBC News poll of likely voters released last week showed Mr. Obama with 50% of the vote in Ohio to Mr. Romney's 43%. The margin of error was three percentage points. The state's voters can begin casting early ballots in two weeks.

对于罗姆尼来说，俄亥俄州非常关键。如果失去该州，罗姆尼通往胜利的道路将要艰辛得多。《华尔街日报》和美国全国广播公司资讯部(NBC News)上周对可能投票的选民进行的民意调查显示，奥巴马在俄亥俄州的支持率为50%，而罗姆尼为43%。调查的误差幅度为三个百分点。该州选民将在两周后开始提前投票。

Mr. Romney has been running ads for several weeks in Ohio criticizing Mr. Obama on China. Campaigning in the state last Friday, he accused Beijing of 'cheating' and has vowed to be tougher on its trade and currency practices.

罗姆尼在俄亥俄州已经刊登了好几周的竞选广告，批评奥巴马的中国政策。上周五在该州展开竞选活动时，罗姆尼指责北京“欺诈，并誓言对中国的贸易和汇率制度采取更强硬的态度。

Mr. Obama on Monday cited Mr. Romney's experience at the private-equity firm Bain Capital, which he argued cut deals that outsourced jobs to China, as evidence his opponent wouldn't be tough on Beijing as president.

奥巴马周一指出罗姆尼在私募股权投资公司贝恩资本(Bain Capital)的工作经历，并称贝恩资本达成的很多交易将工作计划外包到中国。奥巴马以此为由试图说明罗姆尼当选总统后不会对北京采取强硬态度。

'We don't need folks who during election time are suddenly worrying about trade practices, but before the election are taking advantage of unfair trade practices,' Mr. Obama told a crowd of several thousand supporters in Cincinnati.

奥巴马在辛辛那提对数千名支持者说：我们不需要一个在竞选期间才突然开始担心贸易问题的人，这个人在竞选前还在利用这种不公平的贸易做法替自己牟利。

Mr. Romney cast the administration's WTO complaint as a last-minute political attempt to act on an issue that has long hurt the American economy.

罗姆尼称奥巴马政府在WTO提起的申诉不过是临时抱佛脚的政治举措，在最后时刻才针对一个长期以来一直伤害美国经济的问题采取行动。

'The president may think that announcing new trade lawsuits less than two months before the election will distract from his record, but American businesses and workers struggling on an uneven playing field know better,' Mr. Romney said in a speech to the Hispanic Chamber of Commerce in Los Angeles.

罗姆尼在洛杉矶对拉美裔商会(Hispanic Chamber of Commerce)发表演说时指出，奥巴马可能会认为，在大选前不到两个月宣布新的贸易诉讼案会让公众忘记他的过往记录，但在不公平的环境下苦苦挣扎的美国企业和工人对此有更深刻的理解。

The latest U.S. move intensifies the standoff between Beijing and Washington over trade. On Monday, China lodged a complaint with the WTO against a new U.S. tariff law, which allows the U.S. to levy some import tariffs on Chinese goods. A senior Obama administration official indicated China's claim was expected and added that China has a right to pursue its own cases at the WTO.

美国最新的这次诉讼加剧了北京和华盛顿在贸易问题上的对立。周一，中国就美国的一项新的关税法规向WTO提出了申诉。这项法规允许美国对来自中国的进口货物征收关税。奥巴马政府的一名高级官员暗示说，中国的申诉在意料之中，他补充说，中国有权利在WTO为自己主张权益。

The U.S. moved on two fronts Monday against China. One complaint accused China of putting U.S. manufacturers at a disadvantage by illegally subsidizing exports of automobiles and automobile parts. China provides subsidies to producers in regions known as export bases. The U.S. said the subsidies amounted to at least $1 billion from 2010 through 2011, threatening the $350 billion U.S. auto-manufacturing sector. The U.S. alsoadvanced a separate dispute that the administration filed in July with the WTO that challenged Chinese duties imposed on more than $3 billion of U.S. auto exports.

周一，美国在两条战线上继续对中国发起攻击。在其中的一起投诉中，美国指控中国非法向“出口基地地区的汽车和汽车零部件出口提供补贴，置美国制造商于不利境地。美国说，从2010年到2011年的这些补贴加起来至少可达到10亿美元，威胁到了美国总值3,500亿美元的汽车制造业。美国还在推进另外一起争端的解决，即今年7月，美国向WTO投诉中国对超过30亿美元的美国汽车出口征收的关税。

The newest WTO complaint is the eighth the Obama administration has filed against China and the third this year, following its pattern of launching a new action every few months. A single case can take more than a year to advance through the WTO's legal system for resolving disputes.

最新的这次诉讼是奥巴马政府针对中国提出的第八次诉讼，也是今年以来的第三次，这延续了美国以往每隔几个月就要提起一项新诉讼的做法。按照WTO的争端解决机制，解决一个案子通常要花一年以上的时间。

Officials at China's Ministry of Commerce didn't respond to requests for comment on Monday's action, but Beijing has disputed U.S. complaints in the past.

中国商务部的官员没有回应针对美国周一提起的诉讼进行置评的请求，但中国政府过去曾驳斥过美国的申诉。

The administration said its action will support a U.S. auto-manufacturing industry that employs more than 770,000 workers, including roughly 475,000 who work in auto-parts manufacturing.

奥巴马政府说，此次诉讼将为美国的汽车制造业提供助力。美国的汽车制造业拥有超过77万名工人，其中约有47.5万人在生产汽车零部件。

Some of the largest auto parts makers in the U.S. have extensive operations in China, which is now the world's largest auto market. At Olymco, Inc., a small metal-plating company in Canton, Ohio, Chinese competition is a big factor behind the company's reduction to 11 workers from a peak of 100, says operations manager William Sklavenitis. The company's workers are represented by the United Steelworkers, which pushed the Obama administration to challenge China over auto parts trade. 'All these plating shops are closing left and right,' Mr. Sklavenitis said.

中国目前是全球最大的汽车市场，美国一些大型汽车零部件制造商拥有大量在华业务。位于俄亥俄州坎顿(Canton)的小型金属电镀公司Olymco Inc.的运营经理斯科拉夫尼蒂斯(William Sklavenitis)说，该公司员工最多时有100名员工，现在裁员到11名，这背后的一个重要原因是来自中国的竞争。美国联合钢铁工人工会(United Steelworkers)是这家公司工人的代表，该机构要求奥巴马政府在汽车零部件贸易方面对中国发起挑战。斯科拉夫尼蒂斯说，周围的所有金属电镀公司都关门了。

Mr. Sklavenitis said he supported action against Chinese auto parts. 'My only problem is, is it too late,' he said. 'For us, unless something changes in the next month, I don't know if I will be here.'

斯科拉夫尼蒂斯说，他支持针对中国汽车零部件出口提起诉讼。他说，我唯一担心的是，这是不是太晚了；对于我们来说，除非下个月情况会有所变化，否则我不知道到时候我是否还在这里。

Mr. Obama has also used campaign trips to the upper Midwest, including Monday in Ohio, to highlight the administration's bailout of the auto industry. Mr. Romney opposed the bailout, which is credited, in part, with helping boost Ohio's economy.

奥巴马在美国中西部的北部地区（包括周一在俄亥俄州）拉票期间也强调了政府对汽车行业的救助。罗姆尼反对救助计划，而救助计划被认为在某种程度上帮助提振了俄亥俄州的经济。

China doesn't export vehicles to the U.S., but sales of Chinese cars have been rising in Central and South America, Africa and Asia─regions where General Motors Co., Ford Motor Co. and Chrysler Group LLC also compete. GM and Ford also have extensive operations in South America, including plants in Brazil.

中国并未向美国出口汽车，但是在中美洲、南美洲、非洲和亚洲，中国汽车的销量一直在增长，在这些地区，通用汽车(General Motors Co.)、福特汽车(Ford Motor Co.)和克莱斯勒集团(Chrysler Group LLC)也在参与竞争。通用汽车和福特也在南美洲拥有规模庞大的业务，包括在巴西开设的一些工厂。

Honda Motor Co. has started exporting Fit subcompacts made in China to Canada, and has exported the car from China to Europe for five years.

本田汽车(Honda Motor Co.)已经开始把在中国生产的飞度(Fit)微型车出口到加拿大，而这款车从中国出口到欧洲的业务已经持续了五年。

Buoyed by cheap labor and vast scale economies Chinese auto makers price their vehicles well below $15,000, with some selling for as low as $6,000.

由于受到廉价劳动力和庞大的规模经济的支持，中国的汽车制造商对汽车的定价远低于15,000美元的水平，有些车型甚至低至6,000美元。